Kuang Qian, He Chenggang, Huang Heping, Jiang Hua
Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Jan 9;25(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06060-5.
Space-induced plant mutagenesis, driven by cosmic radiation, offers a promising approach for the selective breeding of new plant varieties. By leveraging the unique environment of outer space, we successfully induced mutagenesis in 'Deqin' alfalfa and obtained a fast-growing mutant. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its rapid growth remain poorly unexplored.
Comparative analyses of transcriptomics, proteomics, and hormone profiles were conducted in root, stem, and leaf tissues of both mutant and non-mutagenic materials. Targeted plant hormone showed notable increases in the levels of 3-indolebutyric, indole-3-acetic, and 3-indolepropionic acids in the mutant, with percentage increases of 33.55%, 32.49%, and 30.39%, respectively. Zeatin-riboside and dihydrozeatin riboside levels increased by 164.92% and 25.86%, while giberellin (GA) 7, GA3, and GA1 levels increased by 219.52%, 68.74%, and 40.98%. Non-mutagenic materials sprayed with exogenous 3-indolebutyric acid, zeatin-riboside, and GA7 exhibited significant growth acceleration. Transcriptomics identified 49,095 annotated genes, with 2,009, 1,889, and 1,760 upregulated and 2,082, 2,035, and 1,499 downregulated in the leaves, stems, and roots, respectively. Twenty-two genes related to plant hormone biosynthesis showed significant alterations. Screening through weighted correlation network analysis revealed ten candidate genes, four of which were associated with photosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism. Integrated analysis of targeted plant hormone metabolomics and transcriptomics indicated that plant hormone signal transduction played a crucial role. Proteomics revealed 479 differentially accumulated proteins, of which 174 were upregulated and 305 were downregulated. Integrated proteomics and transcriptomics showed that photosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, carbon metabolism, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms promoted the rapid growth of the mutants. By integrating multi-omics data, we elucidated the synergistic effects of pathways such as hormone signal transduction and tryptophan metabolism on the rapid growth of the mutants.
This study demonstrated the significance of plant hormones in the rapid growth of the mutants and identified key genes and metabolic pathways. Our findings provide valuable information for the genetic improvement of alfalfa varieties and serve as a reference for achieving rapid growth in other plants.
由宇宙辐射驱动的空间诱导植物诱变，为新植物品种的选育提供了一种有前景的方法。通过利用外层空间的独特环境，我们成功地在“德钦”苜蓿中诱导了诱变，并获得了一个生长迅速的突变体。然而，其快速生长背后的分子机制仍未得到充分探索。
对突变体和非诱变材料的根、茎和叶组织进行了转录组学、蛋白质组学和激素谱的比较分析。目标植物激素显示突变体中3-吲哚丁酸、吲哚-3-乙酸和3-吲哚丙酸的水平显著增加，分别增加了33.55%、32.49%和30.39%。玉米素核苷和二氢玉米素核苷水平分别增加了164.92%和25.86%，而赤霉素（GA）7、GA3和GA1水平分别增加了219.52%、68.74%和40.98%。用外源3-吲哚丁酸、玉米素核苷和GA7喷洒的非诱变材料表现出显著的生长加速。转录组学鉴定出49095个注释基因，其中在叶、茎和根中分别有2009、1889和1760个基因上调，2082、2035和1499个基因下调。22个与植物激素生物合成相关的基因表现出显著变化。通过加权相关网络分析筛选出10个候选基因，其中4个与光合作用以及淀粉和蔗糖代谢相关。目标植物激素代谢组学和转录组学的综合分析表明，植物激素信号转导起着关键作用。蛋白质组学揭示了479个差异积累的蛋白质，其中174个上调，305个下调。蛋白质组学和转录组学的综合分析表明，光合作用、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、碳代谢以及光合生物中的碳固定促进了突变体的快速生长。通过整合多组学数据，我们阐明了激素信号转导和色氨酸代谢等途径对突变体快速生长的协同作用。
本研究证明了植物激素在突变体快速生长中的重要性，并鉴定出关键基因和代谢途径。我们的发现为苜蓿品种的遗传改良提供了有价值的信息，并为实现其他植物的快速生长提供了参考。
