Ounsted M, Moar V A, Scott A
Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1985 Mar;92(3):226-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1985.tb01087.x.
Relative risks were calculated to assess the potency of different factors associated with the two extremes of the birthweight distribution. Maternal height affected the chances of having a small-for-dates (SFD) or large-for-dates (LFD) baby to an equal and opposite extent; but the risks associated with maternal weight were greater for LFD than SFD infants. Smoking increased the SFD risk by 3.5 times, whereas the LFD risk was only reduced by a half. Pre-eclampsia was associated with a very high SFD risk (14.6); in the LFD group it was insignificantly raised. The LFD relative risk steadily rose with increasing parity, but in the SFD group it fluctuated around unity. Among multiparae the risks of an SFD or LFD infant when previous siblings had been of relatively low or high birthweight for gestational age, respectively, were much increased. Estimates of attributable risk showed that if pathological factors such as smoking, hypertensive disorders and congenital abnormalities could be completely eliminated the number of SFD babies in this population would be reduced by about 60%; conversely the number of LFD babies would be increased by about 30%.
计算相对风险以评估与出生体重分布两个极端相关的不同因素的影响力。母亲身高对生出小于胎龄儿（SFD）或大于胎龄儿（LFD）的几率有同等且相反的影响；但与母亲体重相关的风险在LFD婴儿中比在SFD婴儿中更大。吸烟使SFD风险增加3.5倍，而LFD风险仅降低一半。先兆子痫与非常高的SFD风险相关（14.6）；在LFD组中，其风险略有升高。LFD相对风险随着产次增加而稳步上升，但在SFD组中，它在1左右波动。在经产妇中，当先前的兄弟姐妹分别为孕周相对低出生体重或高出生体重时，生出SFD或LFD婴儿的风险会大幅增加。归因风险估计表明，如果吸烟、高血压疾病和先天性异常等病理因素能够完全消除，该人群中SFD婴儿的数量将减少约60%；相反，LFD婴儿的数量将增加约30%。
