Mayes Susan D, Becker Stephen P, Waschbusch Daniel A
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2025 Feb;53(2):151-161. doi: 10.1007/s10802-024-01281-y. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
Recently, an association between cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), formerly sluggish cognitive tempo, and autism has been documented, but it is not known if the association is due to overlapping autism and CDS traits or if CDS is empirically distinct from autism. Mothers rated 2,209 children 4-17 years (1,177 with autism, 725 with ADHD-Combined type, and 307 with ADHD-Inattentive type) on the Pediatric Behavior Scale. Factor analysis of the Pediatric Behavior Scale items indicated that CDS and autism traits are empirically distinct from each other without cross-loading and are distinct from eight other factors (attention deficit, impulsivity, hyperactivity, oppositional behavior, irritability/anger, conduct problems, depression, and anxiety). CDS total scores were significantly higher in the autism + ADHD-Inattentive and autism + ADHD-Combined groups than in the autism, ADHD-Combined, and ADHD-Inattentive only groups with a nonsignificant difference between the latter three groups. CDS and autism are empirically distinct from each other and from other psychopathology dimensions. Overlapping traits do not explain the association between autism and CDS. Autism in combination with ADHD-Combined or ADHD-Inattentive increases the likelihood of CDS relative to youth who have autism, ADHD-Combined, or ADHD-Inattentive only. Because of the known associations between autism, CDS, and ADHD, both autism and ADHD must be assessed in CDS research and clinically to better understand and explain research findings and provide targeted clinical intervention.
最近，认知脱离综合征（CDS，原称认知迟缓节奏）与自闭症之间的关联已有记录，但尚不清楚这种关联是由于自闭症和CDS特征重叠，还是CDS在经验上与自闭症不同。母亲们使用儿童行为量表对2209名4至17岁的儿童进行了评分（其中1177名患有自闭症，725名患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）混合型，307名患有ADHD注意力不集中型）。对儿童行为量表项目的因子分析表明，CDS和自闭症特征在经验上彼此不同，不存在交叉负荷，并且与其他八个因素（注意力缺陷、冲动、多动、对立行为、易怒/愤怒、行为问题、抑郁和焦虑）也不同。在自闭症+ADHD注意力不集中组和自闭症+ADHD混合型组中，CDS总分显著高于仅患有自闭症、ADHD混合型和ADHD注意力不集中型的组，而后三组之间无显著差异。CDS和自闭症在经验上彼此不同，也与其他精神病理学维度不同。重叠特征并不能解释自闭症与CDS之间的关联。与仅患有自闭症、ADHD混合型或ADHD注意力不集中型的青少年相比，自闭症合并ADHD混合型或ADHD注意力不集中型会增加患CDS的可能性。由于已知自闭症、CDS和ADHD之间存在关联，因此在CDS研究和临床中必须同时评估自闭症和ADHD，以便更好地理解和解释研究结果，并提供有针对性的临床干预。
