Encinosa William, Valdez R Burciaga
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2025 Apr;34(4):460-468. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2024.0753. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
The United States is proposing to ban menthol cigarettes. Our objective is to examine the extent of menthol smoking among pregnant women and its association with their health. Nationally representative study of 14,226 pregnant women aged 18-44 years using the 2004-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Multivariate regressions estimate the association between menthol smoking and emergency department (ED) and office visits, poor health, mental health, and smoking cessation. In total, 7.0% of pregnant women smoked menthol cigarettes, 7.3% smoked nonmenthol, 11.0% recently quit, and 74.7% were nonsmoking. Lesbian/gay/bisexual women had the highest rates: 18.6% menthol and 11.0% nonmenthol. In the third trimester, 10.4% of Black women smoked menthol and 0.6% smoked nonmenthol ( < 0.01), whereas 5.4% of White women smoked menthol and 8.6% smoked nonmenthol ( < 0.01). From 2004 to 2022, maternal smoking decreased from 16.3% to 5.1%. However, the percentage of pregnant smoking women using menthol increased from 47.0% to 60.1%, with the largest increase among Hispanic women from 43.4% to 78.8% ( < 0.05), compared with a rate of 96.1% among Black women and 49.0% for White women. Pregnant women smoking menthol had 1.6 ED annual visits compared with 1.2 ED visits ( < 0.05) for nonmenthol and 0.6 ED visits ( < 0.05) among the nonsmoking. Among those smoking menthol, 73.7% reported mental health issues compared with 64.4% for nonmenthol. Women who smoke menthols report worse health compared with those smoking nonmenthol. Policies designed to reduce menthol smoking would improve maternal health, especially for minoritized women and those at higher risk for poor birthing outcomes.
美国提议禁止薄荷醇香烟。我们的目标是研究孕妇中薄荷醇吸烟的程度及其与她们健康的关联。利用2004 - 2022年全国药物使用和健康调查对14226名年龄在18 - 44岁的孕妇进行全国代表性研究。多变量回归估计薄荷醇吸烟与急诊科（ED）就诊、门诊就诊、健康状况不佳、心理健康及戒烟之间的关联。总体而言，7.0%的孕妇吸薄荷醇香烟，7.3%吸非薄荷醇香烟，11.0%最近戒烟，74.7%不吸烟。女同性恋/男同性恋/双性恋女性吸烟率最高：薄荷醇香烟为18.6%，非薄荷醇香烟为11.0%。在孕晚期，10.4%的黑人女性吸薄荷醇香烟，0.6%吸非薄荷醇香烟（<0.01），而5.4%的白人女性吸薄荷醇香烟，8.6%吸非薄荷醇香烟（<0.01）。从2004年到2022年，孕妇吸烟率从16.3%降至5.1%。然而，吸薄荷醇香烟的孕妇比例从47.0%增至60.1%，西班牙裔女性增幅最大，从43.4%增至78.8%（<0.05），相比之下黑人女性为96.1%，白人女性为49.0%。吸薄荷醇香烟的孕妇每年急诊就诊1.6次，吸非薄荷醇香烟的为1.2次（<0.05），不吸烟的为0.6次（<0.05）。在吸薄荷醇香烟的人群中，73.7%报告有心理健康问题，吸非薄荷醇香烟的为64.4%。吸薄荷醇香烟的女性报告的健康状况比吸非薄荷醇香烟的女性更差。旨在减少薄荷醇吸烟的政策将改善孕产妇健康，尤其是对少数族裔女性和分娩结局不良风险较高的女性。
