Sun Xihao, Pei Zhangming, Wang Hongchao, Zhao Jianxin, Chen Wei, Lu Wenwei
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
Microbiol Res. 2025 Mar;292:128046. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2025.128046. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
Dietary polysaccharides function not only as indispensable nutrients and energy sources for the host organism but also as critical substrates for the gut microbiota. Gut microorganisms possess the ability to selectively degrade and metabolize specific dietary polysaccharides, thus fostering their proliferation and yielding crucial bioactive metabolites that potentially influence host metabolic and immune pathways. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been extensively documented to be closely linked with the onset and progression of various diseases; in this regard, the precision modulation strategy of the gut microbiome via dietary polysaccharides holds substantial potential to enhance human health. Here, we delve into the therapeutic potential of dietary polysaccharides for the precision modulation of specific gut microorganisms via dietary interventions, with particular emphasis on their implications for the prevention and management of metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Given the complexity of the human gut microbiome and the varying degrees to which different bacterial members utilize carbohydrates, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the differential utilization of dietary polysaccharides by key gut microbiome, with particular emphasis on the role of carbohydrate-active enzymes in these processes. Furthermore, we elucidate the pivotal role of carbohydrate utilization within microbial cross-feeding networks and its significance in maintaining gut homeostasis. In summary, this review investigates the precision modulation of gut microbiota through dietary polysaccharides, with the aim of establishing a theoretical foundation for the development of personalized nutritional interventions. These strategies hold substantial potential for enhancing human health and offer valuable opportunities for the prevention and treatment of microbiota-associated diseases.
膳食多糖不仅作为宿主生物体不可或缺的营养素和能量来源，还作为肠道微生物群的关键底物。肠道微生物具有选择性降解和代谢特定膳食多糖的能力，从而促进它们的增殖，并产生可能影响宿主代谢和免疫途径的关键生物活性代谢物。肠道微生物群的失调已被广泛证明与各种疾病的发生和发展密切相关；在这方面，通过膳食多糖对肠道微生物群进行精准调节的策略具有增强人类健康的巨大潜力。在这里，我们深入探讨膳食多糖通过饮食干预对特定肠道微生物进行精准调节的治疗潜力，特别强调它们对预防和管理代谢及炎症性疾病的意义。鉴于人类肠道微生物群的复杂性以及不同细菌成员利用碳水化合物的程度不同，我们对关键肠道微生物群对膳食多糖的差异利用进行了深入分析，特别强调了碳水化合物活性酶在这些过程中的作用。此外，我们阐明了微生物互养网络中碳水化合物利用的关键作用及其在维持肠道稳态中的意义。总之，本综述研究了通过膳食多糖对肠道微生物群的精准调节，旨在为个性化营养干预的发展奠定理论基础。这些策略具有增强人类健康的巨大潜力，并为预防和治疗与微生物群相关的疾病提供了宝贵的机会。
