Ji Hong-Fei, Li Mei, Han Xiao, Fan Yu-Ting, Yang Jia-Jing, Long Yan, Yu Juan, Ji Hai-Yu
Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
Foods. 2025 May 16;14(10):1763. doi: 10.3390/foods14101763.
, as the main member of food microorganisms, is an important component of the intestinal microbial community and plays crucial roles in regulating the immune capacity of the body. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the key components of -mediated immune regulation effects, including the immunogenic components (peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid) and metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, bacteriocins, and exopolysaccharides), which can interact with host immune cell receptors to initiate complex immune signaling pathways. In addition, the immunomodulatory activity can be influenced by multiple factors including species differences, host-related factors (age, physiological conditions, and gut microbiota), and environmental factors (nutrient substrates, temperatures, etc.), and the application strategies including precision probiotic development, gene-editing driven engineering, and nanocarrier systems have also been proposed to enhance the immunomodulatory potential. Finally, this review provides the theoretical basis for microbial intervention in immune-related diseases and offers prospects for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
作为食品微生物的主要成员，是肠道微生物群落的重要组成部分，在调节机体免疫能力方面发挥着关键作用。本综述全面探讨了介导免疫调节作用的关键成分，包括免疫原性成分（肽聚糖和脂磷壁酸）和代谢产物（短链脂肪酸、细菌素和胞外多糖），它们可与宿主免疫细胞受体相互作用，启动复杂的免疫信号通路。此外，免疫调节活性会受到多种因素影响，包括物种差异、宿主相关因素（年龄、生理状况和肠道微生物群）以及环境因素（营养底物、温度等），还提出了包括精准益生菌开发、基因编辑驱动工程和纳米载体系统在内的应用策略，以增强免疫调节潜力。最后，本综述为微生物干预免疫相关疾病提供了理论依据，并为其在食品和制药行业的应用提供了前景。
