Hernández-Ruiz Rocio Guadalupe, Olivares-Ochoa Xochitl Citalli, Salinas-Varela Yahatziri, Guajardo-Espinoza David, Roldán-Flores Luis Gustavo, Rivera-Leon Edgar Alfonso, López-Quintero Andres
Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.
Licenciatura en Médico Cirujano y Partero, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.
Molecules. 2025 Jan 4;30(1):174. doi: 10.3390/molecules30010174.
Inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic diseases are intricately linked in a complex, self-reinforcing relationship. Inflammation can induce oxidative stress, while oxidative stress can trigger inflammatory responses, creating a cycle that contributes to the development and progression of metabolic disorders; in addition, these effects can be observed at systemic and local scales. Both processes lead to cellular damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance, particularly affecting adipose tissue, the liver, muscles, and the gastrointestinal tract. This results in impaired metabolic function and energy production, contributing to conditions such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Legumes are a good source of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins that exert an antioxidant effect-they directly neutralize reactive oxygen species and free radicals, reducing oxidative stress. In vivo, in vitro, and clinical trial studies demonstrate that these compounds can modulate key cellular signaling pathways involved in inflammation and metabolism, improving insulin sensitivity and regulating lipid and glucose metabolism. They also exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting proinflammatory enzymes and cytokines. Additionally, anthocyanins and phenolics may positively influence the gut microbiome, indirectly affecting metabolism and inflammation.
炎症、氧化应激和代谢性疾病以一种复杂的、自我强化的关系紧密相连。炎症可诱导氧化应激，而氧化应激又能引发炎症反应，形成一个促进代谢紊乱发生和发展的循环；此外，这些效应在全身和局部层面均可观察到。这两个过程都会导致细胞损伤、线粒体功能障碍和胰岛素抵抗，尤其会影响脂肪组织、肝脏、肌肉和胃肠道。这会导致代谢功能和能量产生受损，进而引发2型糖尿病、肥胖症和代谢综合征等病症。豆类是酚类化合物和花青素的良好来源，它们具有抗氧化作用——能直接中和活性氧和自由基，减轻氧化应激。体内、体外和临床试验研究表明，这些化合物可调节参与炎症和代谢的关键细胞信号通路，提高胰岛素敏感性并调节脂质和葡萄糖代谢。它们还通过抑制促炎酶和细胞因子发挥抗炎作用。此外，花青素和酚类物质可能对肠道微生物群产生积极影响，间接影响代谢和炎症。
