Yuan Feiyue, Qiu Fuxiang, Xie Jiawei, Fan Yongxi, Zhang Bao, Zhang Tingting, Zhang Zhongyi, Gu Li, Li Mingjie
College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Dec 26;14(1):38. doi: 10.3390/plants14010038.
is an important medicinal herb; but its long-term cultivation often leads to continuous cropping problems. The underlying cause can be attributed to the accumulation of and alterations in root exudates; which interact with soil-borne pathogens; particularly ; triggering disease outbreaks that severely affect its yield and quality. It is therefore crucial to elucidate the mechanisms by which root exudates induce CCS043 outbreaks. In this study; the genome of CCS043 from rhizosphere microbiota was sequenced and assembled de novo; resulting in a 47.67 Mb genome comprising 16,423 protein-coding genes. Evolutionary analysis suggests that different strains may adapt to the host rhizosphere microecosystem by acquiring varying numbers of specific genes while maintaining a constant number of core genes.The allelopathic effects of ferulic acid; verbascoside; and catalpol on CCS043 were examined at the physiological and transcriptomic levels. The application of ferulic acid was observed to primarily facilitate the proliferation and growth of CCS043; whereas verbascoside notably enhanced the biosynthesis of infection-related enzymes such as pectinase and cellulase. Catalpol demonstrated a moderate level of allelopathic effects in comparison to the other two. Furthermore; 10 effectors were identified by combining the genomic data. Meanwhile; it was found that among the effector-protein-coding genes; ChiC; VRDA; csn; and chitinase exhibited upregulated expression across all treatments. The expression patterns of these key genes were validated using qRT-PCR. Transient overexpression of the two effector-encoding genes in detached leaves provided further confirmation that ChiC (GME8876_g) and csn (GME9251_g) are key effector proteins responsible for the induction of hypersensitive reactions in leaf cells. This study provides a preliminary indication that the use of allelochemicals by CCS043 can promote its own growth and proliferation and enhance infection activity. This finding offers a solid theoretical basis and data support for elucidating the fundamental causes of fungal disease outbreaks in continuous cropping of and for formulating effective mitigation strategies.
是一种重要的药用植物；但其长期种植常常导致连作问题。根本原因可归因于根系分泌物的积累和变化，这些分泌物与土壤传播的病原体相互作用，尤其是，引发严重影响其产量和质量的病害爆发。因此，阐明根系分泌物诱导CCS043爆发的机制至关重要。在本研究中，对根际微生物群中的CCS043基因组进行了测序并从头组装，得到了一个47.67 Mb的基因组，包含16423个蛋白质编码基因。进化分析表明，不同菌株可能通过获取不同数量的特定基因，同时保持核心基因数量恒定，来适应宿主根际微生态系统。在生理和转录组水平上研究了阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷和梓醇对CCS043的化感作用。观察到阿魏酸的施用主要促进了CCS043的增殖和生长，而毛蕊花糖苷显著增强了果胶酶和纤维素酶等与感染相关酶的生物合成。与其他两者相比，梓醇表现出中等程度的化感作用。此外，通过结合基因组数据鉴定出10个效应子。同时，发现在效应子蛋白编码基因中，ChiC、VRDA、csn和几丁质酶在所有处理中均表现出上调表达。使用qRT-PCR验证了这些关键基因的表达模式。在离体叶片中对两个效应子编码基因进行瞬时过表达，进一步证实ChiC（GME8876_g）和csn（GME9251_g）是负责在叶片细胞中诱导过敏反应的关键效应子蛋白。本研究初步表明，CCS043利用化感物质可促进自身生长和增殖，并增强感染活性。这一发现为阐明在连作过程中真菌病害爆发的根本原因以及制定有效的缓解策略提供了坚实的理论基础和数据支持。
