Reay Sophie L, Marina Ferreira Ana, Hilkens Catharien M U, Novakovic Katarina
School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Dec 25;17(1):19. doi: 10.3390/polym17010019.
Chitosan is widely explored in the field of biomedicine due to its abundance and reported properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, mucoadhesion, and anti-microbial activity. Although our understanding of the immune response to chitosan has evolved, confusion remains regarding whether chitosan is a pro- or anti-inflammatory biomaterial. Tackling this knowledge gap is essential for the translation of chitosan-based biomaterials to clinical use. Herein, we provide an overview of the immune responses to chitosan, exploring the roles of endotoxin contamination and physiochemical properties in immunomodulation. Ultimately, this literature review concludes that various physiochemical properties, including molecular weight, degree of deacetylation and polydispersity, endotoxin contamination, and cellular environment, interplay in the complex process of chitosan immunomodulation, which can lead to both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects.
由于壳聚糖来源丰富且具有包括生物相容性、生物可降解性、无毒性、粘膜粘附性和抗菌活性等所报道的特性，因此它在生物医学领域得到了广泛研究。尽管我们对壳聚糖免疫反应的理解有所发展，但关于壳聚糖是促炎还是抗炎生物材料仍存在困惑。解决这一知识差距对于基于壳聚糖的生物材料转化为临床应用至关重要。在此，我们概述了对壳聚糖的免疫反应，探讨了内毒素污染和物理化学性质在免疫调节中的作用。最终，这篇文献综述得出结论，包括分子量、脱乙酰度和多分散性、内毒素污染以及细胞环境在内的各种物理化学性质，在壳聚糖免疫调节的复杂过程中相互作用，这可能导致促炎和抗炎两种效应。
