Piernas-Muñoz María José, Zarrabeitia Maider
Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus Universitario St. 5, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Jan 4;18(1):190. doi: 10.3390/ma18010190.
Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) have attracted significant attention in recent years as a result of the urgent necessity to develop sustainable, low-cost batteries based on non-critical raw materials that are competitive with market-available lithium-ion batteries. KIBs are excellent candidates, as they offer the possibility of providing high power and energy densities due to their faster K diffusion and very close reduction potential compared with Li/Li. However, research on KIBs is still in its infancy, and hence, more investigation is required both at the materials level and at the device level. In this work, we focus on recent strategies to enhance the electrochemical properties of intercalation anode materials, i.e., carbon-, titanium-, and vanadium-based compounds. Hitherto, the most promising anode materials are those carbon-based, such as graphite, soft, or hard carbon, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Although a wide variety of strategies have been reported with excellent results, there is still a need to improve the standardization of the best carbon properties, electrode formulation, and electrolyte composition, given the impossibility of a direct comparison. Therefore, additional effort should be made to understand what are the crucial carbon parameters to develop a reference electrode and electrolyte formulation to further boost their performance and move a step forward in the commercialization of KIBs.
近年来，由于迫切需要开发基于非关键原材料的可持续、低成本电池，且这些电池要能与市场上现有的锂离子电池相竞争，钾离子电池（KIBs）受到了广泛关注。KIBs是极佳的选择，因为与Li/Li相比，它们的钾扩散速度更快且还原电位非常接近，从而有可能提供高功率和能量密度。然而，KIBs的研究仍处于起步阶段，因此，在材料层面和器件层面都需要更多的研究。在这项工作中，我们关注近期用于增强插层负极材料（即碳基、钛基和钒基化合物）电化学性能的策略。迄今为止，最有前景的负极材料是那些碳基材料，如石墨、软碳或硬碳，每种材料都有其优缺点。尽管已经报道了各种各样取得优异成果的策略，但由于无法进行直接比较，仍需要改进最佳碳性能、电极配方和电解质组成的标准化。因此，应该做出更多努力来了解开发参比电极和电解质配方的关键碳参数是什么，以进一步提高它们的性能，并在KIBs商业化方面向前迈进一步。
