Palacios-Corella Mario, Echevarria Igor, Santana Santos Carla, Schuhmann Wolfgang, Ventosa Edgar, Ibáñez Maria
Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria.
Analytical Chemistry -Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße. 150, Bochum, D-44780, Germany.
Chem Mater. 2025 Jun 3;37(12):4203-4226. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5c00213. eCollection 2025 Jun 24.
Prussian blue (PB) and Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are a class of porous materials composed of transition metal cations, cyanide ligands, and alkali metal cations. Their ability to intercalate and deintercalate ions within their framework pores, coupled with the adaptability of their crystal structure to electrochemical changes, underpins their success in battery applications. PBAs with Fe or Co as the active site exhibit high redox potentials (vs SHE) and have been extensively explored as cathode materials, with well-documented chemistry, crystal structures, and electrochemical properties. In contrast, PBAs with Cr or Mn as the active site display lower redox potentials and remain significantly underexplored as anode materials. This gap has led to fewer reported compounds and a less comprehensive understanding of their structural and electrochemical behavior, leaving the field relatively opaque. In this perspective, we comprehensively analyze the challenges involved in producing and employing PBAs with low redox potentials as active battery materials. Conversely, we propose numerous horizons and ask fundamental questions that should pave the way for future research to advance the field.
普鲁士蓝（PB）和普鲁士蓝类似物（PBAs）是一类由过渡金属阳离子、氰化物配体和碱金属阳离子组成的多孔材料。它们在其骨架孔隙内嵌入和脱嵌离子的能力，以及其晶体结构对电化学变化的适应性，是它们在电池应用中取得成功的基础。以铁或钴作为活性位点的PBAs表现出高氧化还原电位（相对于标准氢电极），并且作为阴极材料已被广泛研究，其化学性质、晶体结构和电化学性质都有充分的记录。相比之下，以铬或锰作为活性位点的PBAs显示出较低的氧化还原电位，作为阳极材料仍未得到充分探索。这种差距导致报道的化合物较少，对其结构和电化学行为的理解也不够全面，使得该领域相对不透明。从这个角度出发，我们全面分析了将低氧化还原电位的PBAs用作活性电池材料在生产和应用过程中所面临的挑战。相反，我们提出了许多方向，并提出了一些基本问题，这些问题应该为未来推动该领域发展的研究铺平道路。
