Bondy Stephen C, Wu Meixia
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Evergreen World ADHC, Westminster, CA 92844, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 25;26(1):57. doi: 10.3390/ijms26010057.
As the organism ages, there is a decline in effective energy supply, and this retards the ability to elaborate new proteins. The consequences of this are especially marked in the gradual decline in brain function. The senescence of cells and their constituent organelles is ultimately the cause of aging of the entire nervous system. What is less immediately obvious is that brain aging is also accompanied by the failure of catabolic events that lead to the removal of non-functional cells and ineffective subcellular components. The removal of non-working cellular and subcellular elements within the brain is essential in order to allow the appearance of fresh cells and organelles with a full range of capacities. Thus, the maintenance of operative mechanisms for the dispersal of failed tissue components is important, and its diminished capacity with aging is a significant contributory factor to the onset and progression of age-related neurological disorder. This report discusses the mechanisms underlying autophagy and phagocytosis and how these can be adversely modulated as aging proceeds. The means by which the effective recycling of cellular components may be reinstated in the aged brain are considered.
随着机体衰老，有效能量供应减少，这会阻碍新蛋白质的合成能力。其后果在脑功能的逐渐衰退中尤为明显。细胞及其组成细胞器的衰老最终是整个神经系统衰老的原因。不太明显的是，脑衰老还伴随着分解代谢过程的失效，这些过程导致无功能细胞和无效亚细胞成分的清除。清除脑内无功能的细胞和亚细胞成分对于新细胞和具有完整功能的细胞器的出现至关重要。因此，维持清除失效组织成分的有效机制很重要，而其随着衰老而能力下降是与年龄相关的神经疾病发生和发展的一个重要因素。本报告讨论了自噬和吞噬作用的潜在机制，以及随着衰老过程它们如何受到不利调节。还考虑了在衰老大脑中恢复细胞成分有效循环的方法。
