Sawicka Ewa, Wiatrowska Natalia
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
Students' Scientific Society at the Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 26;26(1):99. doi: 10.3390/ijms26010099.
The etiopathogenesis of breast cancer depends on genetic conditions, but recently more attention has been paid to the dependence of BC on certain environmental factors, for example, metalloestrogens, which include aluminum (Al) contained in antiperspirants used daily. The use of Al derivatives in antiperspirants in concentrations specified by the FDA, as well as European regulations (SCCS, 2020), do not classify Al as a hazardous and carcinogenic substance for humans. However, Al used to treat excessive sweating raises concerns, as many in vitro studies indicate that it can cause gene instability, change gene expression or increase oxidative stress, and also affect the body's hormonal balance as a metalloestrogen. The environmental reality is that the breast is constantly exposed to many different chemicals, such as Al. This article reviews the literature to determine whether Al-based products can harm the body, as there are many facts and myths on the subject. The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge on the use of aluminum antiperspirants and the risk of breast cancer (BC). The article is based on data from the scientific literature, published in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, as well as Science Direct, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMbase. It includes articles published in the years 2003-2023 mainly in English. Literature databases regarding human and animal studies were searched. To sum up, evaluating the effect of Al as a risk factor for breast cancer requires many studies using different research models focused on long-term exposure to Al-containing antiperspirants. Consumers are advised to limit their exposure to Al by making a conscious choice to minimize exposure to this compound.
乳腺癌的发病机制取决于遗传条件，但最近人们更多地关注乳腺癌对某些环境因素的依赖性，例如金属雌激素，其中包括日常使用的止汗剂中所含的铝（Al）。美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）以及欧洲法规（欧盟消费者安全科学委员会，2020年）规定浓度下在止汗剂中使用的铝衍生物，并未将铝归类为对人类有害和致癌的物质。然而，用于治疗多汗症的铝引发了人们的担忧，因为许多体外研究表明，它会导致基因不稳定、改变基因表达或增加氧化应激，并且作为一种金属雌激素还会影响人体的激素平衡。现实环境中，乳房不断接触许多不同的化学物质，比如铝。本文回顾相关文献，以确定含铝产品是否会对身体造成伤害，因为关于这个问题存在许多事实和误解。该研究的目的是呈现关于使用铝基止汗剂与患乳腺癌风险的当前知识状态。本文基于发表在PubMed、谷歌学术数据库以及Science Direct、Scopus、Ovid MEDLINE、Ovid EMbase上的科学文献数据。它主要包括2003年至2023年以英文发表的文章。检索了关于人类和动物研究的文献数据库。总之，评估铝作为乳腺癌风险因素的影响需要许多使用不同研究模型的研究，重点是长期接触含铝止汗剂。建议消费者通过有意识地选择尽量减少接触这种化合物，来限制自己对铝的接触。
