Fan Yuanfang, Hussain Sajad, Wang Xianshu, Yang Mei, Zhong Xiaojuan, Tao Lei, Li Jing, Zhou Yonghang, Xiang Chao
Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 31;26(1):294. doi: 10.3390/ijms26010294.
Soybean has outstanding nutritional and medicinal value because of its abundant protein, oil, and flavonoid contents. This crop has rich seed coat colors, such as yellow, green, black, brown, and red, as well as bicolor variants. However, there are limited reports on the synthesis of flavonoids in the soybean seed coats of different colors. Thus, the seed coat metabolomes and transcriptomes of five soybean germplasms with yellow (S141), red (S26), brown (S62), green (S100), and black (S124) seed coats were measured. In this study, 1645 metabolites were detected in the soybean seed coat, including 426 flavonoid compounds. The flavonoids differed among the different-colored seed coats of soybean germplasms, and flavonoids were distributed in all varieties. Procyanidins A1, B1, B6, C1, and B2, cyanidin 3-O-(6″-malonyl-arabinoside), petunidin 3-(6″-p-coumaryl-glucoside) 5-glucoside, and malvidin 3-laminaribioside were significantly upregulated in S26_vs._S141, S62_vs._S141, S100_vs._S141, and S124_vs._S141 groups, with a variation of 1.43-2.97 × 10 in terms of fold. The differences in the contents of cyanidin 3-O-(6″-malonyl-arabinoside) and proanthocyanidin A1 relate to the seed coat color differences of red soybean. Malvidin 3-laminaribioside, petunidin 3-(6″-p-coumaryl-glucoside) 5-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-(6″-malonyl-arabinoside), and proanthocyanidin A1 affect the color of black soybean. The difference in the contents of procyanidin B1 and malvidin 3-glucoside-4-vinylphenol might be related to the seed coat color differences of brown soybeans. Cyanidin 3-gentiobioside affects the color of green soybean. The metabolomic-transcriptomic combined analysis showed that flavonoid biosynthesis is the key synthesis pathway for soybean seed color formation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the upregulation of most flavonoid biosynthesis genes was observed in all groups, except for S62_vs._S141, and promoted flavonoid accumulation. Furthermore, , , , , , , , and exhibited differential expression in all groups. This study broadens our understanding of the metabolic and transcriptomic changes in soybean seed coats of different colors and provides new insights into developing bioactive substances from soybean seed coats.
大豆因其丰富的蛋白质、油脂和黄酮类化合物含量而具有卓越的营养和药用价值。这种作物具有丰富的种皮颜色，如黄色、绿色、黑色、棕色和红色，以及双色变体。然而，关于不同颜色大豆种皮中黄酮类化合物合成的报道有限。因此，对五个具有黄色（S141）、红色（S26）、棕色（S62）、绿色（S100）和黑色（S124）种皮的大豆种质的种皮代谢组和转录组进行了测定。在本研究中，在大豆种皮中检测到1645种代谢物，包括426种黄酮类化合物。不同颜色大豆种质的种皮中黄酮类化合物存在差异，且黄酮类化合物在所有品种中均有分布。原花青素A1、B1、B6、C1和B2、矢车菊素3 - O -（6″ - 丙二酰 - 阿拉伯糖苷）、矮牵牛素3 -（6″ - 对香豆酰 - 葡萄糖苷）5 - 葡萄糖苷和锦葵色素3 - 层阿拉伯糖苷在S26_vs._S141、S62_vs._S141、S100_vs._S141和S124_vs._S141组中显著上调，倍数变化为1.43 - 2.97×10。矢车菊素3 - O -（6″ - 丙二酰 - 阿拉伯糖苷）和原花青素A1含量的差异与红色大豆的种皮颜色差异有关。锦葵色素3 - 层阿拉伯糖苷、矮牵牛素3 -（6″ - 对香豆酰 - 葡萄糖苷）5 - 葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素3 - O -（6″ - 丙二酰 - 阿拉伯糖苷）和原花青素A1影响黑色大豆的颜色。原花青素B1和锦葵色素3 - 葡萄糖苷 - 4 - 乙烯基苯酚含量的差异可能与棕色大豆的种皮颜色差异有关。矢车菊素3 - 龙胆二糖苷影响绿色大豆的颜色。代谢组 - 转录组联合分析表明，黄酮类生物合成是大豆种子颜色形成的关键合成途径。转录组分析显示，除S62_vs._S141组外，所有组中大多数黄酮类生物合成基因均上调，并促进了黄酮类化合物的积累。此外， 、 、 、 、 、 、 和 在所有组中均表现出差异表达。本研究拓宽了我们对不同颜色大豆种皮代谢和转录组变化的理解，并为从大豆种皮中开发生物活性物质提供了新的见解。
