玛咖（Walp.）对动物和人类体能的影响：系统评价与荟萃分析
Effects of Maca ( Walp.) on Physical Performance in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者信息
Huerta Ojeda Álvaro, Rodríguez Rojas Javiera, Cancino-López Jorge, Barahona-Fuentes Guillermo, Pavez Leonardo, Yeomans-Cabrera María-Mercedes, Jorquera-Aguilera Carlos
机构信息
Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile.
Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Magíster en Nutrición Para la Actividad Física y el Deporte, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile.
出版信息
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 30;17(1):107. doi: 10.3390/nu17010107.
BACKGROUND
Walp. (LmW), known as maca, has been shown to increase physical performance. However, the effect size (ES) of LmW on the different manifestations of physical performance has not yet been described.
OBJECTIVES
To examine and qualitatively describe the studies published up to 2024 that employed LmW supplementation to increase physical performance in animal and human experimentation. In addition, the ES associated with the different interventions was calculated.
METHODS
The research followed PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, using Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases until 2024. Randomized controlled studies with a pre- and post-test design, conducted both in vitro and in vivo in animals and humans, were included. Methodological quality assessment was performed using the CAMARADES tool for animal studies and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for human studies. The main variables were the forced swimming test (FST), the rota-rod test (RRT), the grip strength test (GST), blood lactic acid (BLA), and lactic acid (LA). The analysis was conducted with a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) through Hedges' g test (95% CI).
RESULTS
Twenty-one studies were included in the systematic review and sixteen in the meta-analysis. They revealed a large effect for all outcomes (SMD: FST = 2.26, RRT = 6.26, GST = 5.23, LA = -1.01, and BLA = -1.70).
CONCLUSIONS
The phytochemical compounds of LmW, mainly macamides, increase physical performance, showing a greater effect at higher doses (dose-response effect).
背景
Walp.（LmW），即玛咖，已被证明能提高身体机能。然而，LmW对身体机能不同表现的效应大小（ES）尚未得到描述。
目的
审查并定性描述截至2024年发表的关于在动物和人体实验中使用LmW补充剂来提高身体机能的研究。此外，计算与不同干预措施相关的ES。
方法
本研究遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的PRISMA指南，使用Web of Science、Scopus、SPORTDiscus、PubMed和MEDLINE数据库检索截至2024年的文献。纳入在动物和人体中进行的、采用前后测试设计的随机对照研究，包括体外和体内实验。使用CAMARADES工具对动物研究进行方法学质量评估，使用纽卡斯尔渥太华量表对人体研究进行评估。主要变量包括强迫游泳试验（FST）、转棒试验（RRT）、握力试验（GST）、血乳酸（BLA）和乳酸（LA）。通过Hedges' g检验（95%置信区间）进行合并标准化均数差（SMD）分析。
结果
系统评价纳入21项研究，荟萃分析纳入16项研究。结果显示所有结局均有较大效应（SMD：FST = 2.26，RRT = 6.26，GST = 5.23，LA = -1.01，BLA = -1.70）。
结论
LmW的植物化学化合物，主要是玛咖酰胺，可提高身体机能，在较高剂量时显示出更大的效果（剂量反应效应）。
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