Efficiency and Safety of Repeated Vertebroplasty for Adjacent Segment Fractures.

To review the outcomes of patients who underwent repeated vertebroplasty (VP) surgery for adjacent segment fractures (ASF), defined as new osteoporotic vertebral fractures occurring at levels immediately above or below a previously treated vertebra. From 1 January 2018, to 31 December 2020, forty-one patients who developed ASF following initial VP and underwent repeated VP were enrolled in our study. Radiographic measurements included single and two-segment kyphotic angles (SKA and TKA), and anterior and mid-vertebral body height (AVH and MVH). Patient-reported outcomes included back pain assessed with the visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The procedure significantly reduced the mean single kyphotic angle (SKA) by 4.8° ± 6.8° ( < 0.01) and the two-segment kyphotic angle (TKA) by 3.0° ± 7.9° ( = 0.02), along with increases in anterior and mid-body height by 0.3 ± 0.5 cm and 0.3 ± 0.6 cm (both < 0.01). However, there was a slight restoration loss in SKA and TKA at a 20.1-month follow-up. Patient-reported outcomes revealed substantial pain reduction, with the VAS score dropping from 8 to 1 ( < 0.0001) and the mean ODI score improving from 59.7 to 28.9 ( < 0.0001). The complication rate was 34.1%, including nonunion, de novo fractures, cement leakage, and neurological deficits. Additionally, 7.3% of cases necessitated further surgical interventions. Repeated VP for ASF improves vertebral alignment parameters and patient-reported outcomes, but with a high rate of complications and reoperation.