Jia Wencong, Wu Ye, Xie Yujie, Yu Meihua, Chen Yu
School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai China, 200444, China.
Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
Adv Mater. 2025 Feb;37(8):e2413603. doi: 10.1002/adma.202413603. Epub 2025 Jan 10.
Cancer immunotherapy, which leverages immune system components to treat malignancies, has emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary therapeutic strategies. Yet, critical concerns about the efficacy and safety of cancer immunotherapies remain formidable. Nanotechnology, especially polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), offers unparalleled flexibility in manipulation-from the chemical composition and physical properties to the precision control of nanoassemblies. PNPs provide an optimal platform to amplify the potency and minimize systematic toxicity in a broad spectrum of immunotherapeutic modalities. In this comprehensive review, the basics of polymer chemistry, and state-of-the-art designs of PNPs from a physicochemical standpoint for cancer immunotherapy, encompassing therapeutic cancer vaccines, in situ vaccination, adoptive T-cell therapies, tumor-infiltrating immune cell-targeted therapies, therapeutic antibodies, and cytokine therapies are delineated. Each immunotherapy necessitates distinctively tailored design strategies in polymeric nanoplatforms. The extensive applications of PNPs, and investigation of their mechanisms of action for enhanced efficacy are particularly focused on. The safety profiles of PNPs and clinical research progress are discussed. Additionally, forthcoming developments and emergent trends of polymeric nano-immunotherapeutics poised to transform cancer treatment paradigms into clinics are explored.
癌症免疫疗法利用免疫系统成分来治疗恶性肿瘤，已成为当代治疗策略的基石。然而，对癌症免疫疗法的疗效和安全性的关键担忧仍然严峻。纳米技术，尤其是聚合物纳米颗粒（PNPs），在操作方面具有无与伦比的灵活性——从化学成分和物理性质到纳米组装体的精确控制。PNPs为在广泛的免疫治疗方式中增强效力并将全身毒性降至最低提供了一个理想平台。在这篇全面综述中，阐述了聚合物化学的基础知识，以及从物理化学角度出发用于癌症免疫疗法的PNPs的最新设计，包括治疗性癌症疫苗、原位疫苗接种、过继性T细胞疗法、肿瘤浸润免疫细胞靶向疗法、治疗性抗体和细胞因子疗法。每种免疫疗法在聚合物纳米平台中都需要独特定制的设计策略。特别关注PNPs的广泛应用及其作用机制以提高疗效的研究。讨论了PNPs的安全性概况和临床研究进展。此外，还探讨了有望将癌症治疗模式转变为临床应用的聚合物纳米免疫疗法的未来发展和新趋势。
