Peng Yue, Yu Min, Li Bozhao, Zhang Siyu, Cheng Jin, Wu Feifan, Du Shuailun, Miao Jinbai, Hu Bin, Olkhovsky Igor A, Li Suping
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
Department of Stomatology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, China.
Chin Med J (Engl). 2025 Aug 20;138(16):1927-1944. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003703. Epub 2025 Jun 23.
Cancer represents a major worldwide disease burden marked by escalating incidence and mortality. While therapeutic advances persist, developing safer and precisely targeted modalities remains imperative. Nanomedicines emerges as a transformative paradigm leveraging distinctive physicochemical properties to achieve tumor-specific drug delivery, controlled release, and tumor microenvironment modulation. By synergizing passive enhanced permeation and retention effect-driven accumulation and active ligand-mediated targeting, nanoplatforms enhance pharmacokinetics, promote tumor microenvironment enrichment, and improve cellular internalization while mitigating systemic toxicity. Despite revolutionizing cancer therapy through enhanced treatment efficacy and reduced adverse effects, translational challenges persist in manufacturing scalability, longterm biosafety, and cost-efficiency. This review systematically analyzes cutting-edge nanoplatforms, including polymeric, lipidic, biomimetic, albumin-based, peptide engineered, DNA origami, and inorganic nanocarriers, while evaluating their strategic advantages and technical limitations across three therapeutic domains: immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. By assessing structure-function correlations and clinical translation barriers, this work establishes mechanistic and translational references to advance oncological nanomedicine development.
癌症是一种全球主要疾病负担，其发病率和死亡率不断上升。尽管治疗方面持续取得进展，但开发更安全、精准靶向的治疗方式仍然至关重要。纳米药物作为一种变革性范例应运而生，它利用独特的物理化学性质实现肿瘤特异性药物递送、控释以及肿瘤微环境调节。通过将被动增强渗透和滞留效应驱动的积累与主动配体介导的靶向相结合，纳米平台改善了药代动力学，促进了肿瘤微环境富集，提高了细胞内化能力，同时减轻了全身毒性。尽管纳米药物通过提高治疗效果和减少不良反应彻底改变了癌症治疗，但在生产可扩展性、长期生物安全性和成本效益方面，转化应用仍面临挑战。本综述系统分析了前沿纳米平台，包括聚合物、脂质、仿生、基于白蛋白、肽工程、DNA折纸和无机纳米载体，同时评估了它们在免疫治疗化疗和放疗这三个治疗领域的战略优势和技术局限性。通过评估结构-功能相关性和临床转化障碍，本研究建立了推进肿瘤纳米医学发展的机制和转化参考。
