Broad Zoë, Robinson Alex W, Wells Jack, Nicholls Daniel, Moshtaghpour Amirafshar, Kirkland Angus I, Browning Nigel D
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
SenseAI Innovations Ltd., Liverpool, UK.
J Microsc. 2025 Apr;298(1):44-57. doi: 10.1111/jmi.13379. Epub 2025 Jan 11.
Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has developed over the last few decades into a valuable crystallographic characterisation method for a wide range of sample types. Despite these advances, issues such as the complexity of sample preparation, relatively slow acquisition, and damage in beam-sensitive samples, still limit the quantity and quality of interpretable data that can be obtained. To mitigate these issues, here we propose a method based on the subsampling of probe positions and subsequent reconstruction of an incomplete data set. The missing probe locations (or pixels in the image) are recovered via an inpainting process using a dictionary-learning based method called beta-process factor analysis (BPFA). To investigate the robustness of both our inpainting method and Hough-based indexing, we simulate subsampled and noisy EBSD data sets from a real fully sampled Ni-superalloy data set for different subsampling ratios of probe positions using both Gaussian and Poisson noise models. We find that zero solution pixel detection (inpainting un-indexed pixels) enables higher-quality reconstructions to be obtained. Numerical tests confirm high-quality reconstruction of band contrast and inverse pole figure maps from only 10% of the probe positions, with the potential to reduce this to 5% if only inverse pole figure maps are needed. These results show the potential application of this method in EBSD, allowing for faster analysis and extending the use of this technique to beam sensitive materials.
电子背散射衍射(EBSD)在过去几十年中已发展成为一种适用于多种样品类型的有价值的晶体学表征方法。尽管取得了这些进展,但诸如样品制备复杂、采集相对较慢以及对束敏感样品造成损伤等问题,仍然限制了可获得的可解释数据的数量和质量。为了缓解这些问题,我们在此提出一种基于对探测位置进行子采样并随后重建不完整数据集的方法。缺失的探测位置(或图像中的像素)通过使用一种基于字典学习的方法——贝塔过程因子分析(BPFA)的修复过程来恢复。为了研究我们的修复方法和基于霍夫的索引的稳健性,我们使用高斯和泊松噪声模型,从一个真实的全采样镍基高温合金数据集中模拟不同探测位置子采样率的子采样和噪声EBSD数据集。我们发现零解像素检测(修复未索引像素)能够获得更高质量的重建。数值测试证实,仅从10%的探测位置就能高质量重建带衬度和反极图,若仅需要反极图,有可能将此比例降至5%。这些结果表明了该方法在EBSD中的潜在应用,可实现更快的分析,并将该技术的应用扩展到对束敏感的材料。