Singh Arjun
Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US.
Prz Gastroenterol. 2024;19(3):236-254. doi: 10.5114/pg.2024.141834. Epub 2024 Jul 26.
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers cause major global morbidity and mortality, with over 5 million new cases and 3.5 million deaths in 2020. The most prevalent GI malignancies are colorectal, gastric, liver, oesophageal, and pancreatic cancers. Marked geographic variations exist, with high incidence in developed regions contrasting with high mortality in developing areas. These patterns reflect disparities in risk factors and cancer control capacities. However, GI cancer incidence is rising with economic growth and lifestyle changes. Poor prognosis and increasing burden underscore the critical need for expanded prevention and research. This review examines global epidemiology, risks, prevention, detection, treatment, and priorities for common GI cancers. Controlling the toll of GI malignancies requires coordinated global actions across prevention, screening, treatment access, and research. Key priorities include vaccination, reducing modifiable risks, improving screening, expanding care access, and advancing prevention/therapy research. Global commitments to evidence-based interventions and knowledge sharing are vital to curb the GI cancer epidemic.
胃肠道（GI）癌症导致全球范围内的重大发病和死亡，2020年新增病例超过500万，死亡350万。最常见的胃肠道恶性肿瘤是结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌和胰腺癌。存在明显的地理差异，发达地区发病率高，而发展中地区死亡率高。这些模式反映了风险因素和癌症控制能力的差异。然而，随着经济增长和生活方式的改变，胃肠道癌症的发病率正在上升。预后不良和负担加重凸显了扩大预防和研究的迫切需求。本综述探讨了常见胃肠道癌症的全球流行病学、风险、预防、检测、治疗及重点事项。控制胃肠道恶性肿瘤的危害需要在预防、筛查、治疗可及性和研究等方面采取协调一致的全球行动。关键优先事项包括疫苗接种、降低可改变的风险、改善筛查、扩大医疗服务可及性以及推进预防/治疗研究。全球对循证干预措施和知识共享的承诺对于遏制胃肠道癌症流行至关重要。
