Wen Jimmy, Nadora Dawnica, Ansari Ubaid, Syed Burhaan, Shehabat Mouhamad, Razick Daniel I, Razick Adam A, Rajagopal Thiru
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA.
Dermatology, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 11;16(12):e75549. doi: 10.7759/cureus.75549. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Botulinum toxin (BoNT) has traditionally been utilized to relieve tension in muscular and connective tissue diseases (CTD). However, its usage has rapidly expanded and now encompasses usage for neurological, gastrointestinal, psychological, cardiovascular, ophthalmology, orthopedics, and more. More recently, its usage has been utilized for sequelae of CTDs such as Raynaud's disease and reduced oral aperture secondary to scleroderma/systemic sclerosis. Beyond its current applications, BoNT holds promise in various medical fields but is not FDA-approved in these conditions. Thus, the design and conduction of well-designed randomized controlled trials are essential in establishing the efficacy and safety of BoNT treatment which can help accelerate regulatory approval for new indications. The versatility of BoNT suggests that its therapeutic applications continue to expand, offering novel therapies for a wide range of conditions. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the literature on BoNT's current FDA-approved indications and potential non-FDA uses in other medical conditions. Additionally, this review offers potential insights and future possibilities for BoNT treatment.
传统上，肉毒杆菌毒素（BoNT）一直被用于缓解肌肉和结缔组织疾病（CTD）中的紧张状态。然而，其用途迅速扩展，现在涵盖了神经学、胃肠病学、心理学、心血管病学、眼科、骨科等领域。最近，它已被用于CTD的后遗症，如雷诺氏病以及硬皮病/系统性硬化症继发的口腔孔径减小。除了目前的应用，BoNT在各个医学领域都有前景，但在这些情况下尚未获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）的批准。因此，精心设计的随机对照试验的设计和实施对于确定BoNT治疗的有效性和安全性至关重要，这有助于加快新适应症的监管批准。BoNT的多功能性表明其治疗应用将继续扩大，为广泛的病症提供新的治疗方法。本综述旨在全面评估关于BoNT目前FDA批准适应症以及在其他医学病症中的潜在非FDA用途的文献。此外，本综述还提供了关于BoNT治疗的潜在见解和未来可能性。
