Amrani Selma, Zemouri Khalil Chaouki, Bouguerra Khelifa Abderrahmene, Cherifi Yahia, Bouhadad Rachid, Benkhedda Salim
Population Genetics, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, DZA.
Cardiology Oncology Collaborative Research Groupe, Faculty of Medicine, University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda, Algiers, DZA.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 12;16(12):e75624. doi: 10.7759/cureus.75624. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Research on the association between blood groups and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Africa, including Algeria, is notably limited, with a primary focus on blood donors. This narrow scope hinders a comprehensive understanding of the genetic diversity of blood groups and their potential links to CVD risk within the African context. To bridge this knowledge gap, this study proposes to investigate the distribution of blood group genotypes and their association with CVD prevalence, aiming to enhance knowledge within the African context and contribute to global insights into the relationship between blood groups and CVD.
This retrospective study was conducted within the Cardiology A2 Department of Mustapha Bacha University Hospital (CHU) in Algiers, Algeria. The inclusion criteria comprised patients aged 18 years or older with confirmed diagnoses of CVDs. Conversely, patients without confirmed diagnoses or documented blood groups were excluded from the study. Data collection encompassed key cardiovascular risk factors, and blood groups were determined using standard serological testing methods. Statistical analyses were performed utilizing R and Jamovi software, with a predefined significance threshold of p < 0.05.
Our analysis of a 2,780-patient cohort (61.7% male, mean age: 62.53 ± 13.06 years) revealed a predominance of blood type O (42.84%), followed by A (32.27%), B (16.19%), and AB (8.71%), with 93.42% of the cohort being Rhesus (Rh)-positive. The calculated ABO allele frequencies were 0.2315 (A), 0.1319 (B), and 0.6532 (O), indicating a significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (χ² = 47.88, p < 0.05), whereas the Rh distribution remained in equilibrium. Hypertension (94.50%), dyslipidemia (94.03%), and diabetes (79.57%) were the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was the leading diagnosis (39.75%), and notably, no significant associations were observed between blood groups and cardiovascular conditions or risk factors, except for a marginally higher prevalence of arrhythmia among Rh-negative (Rh-) individuals (9.29% vs. 5.81%).
This study provides novel insights into the distribution of ABO and Rh blood types among Algerian patients with CVD, highlighting a prevalence of Group O and Rh-positive (Rh+) individuals, though without significant associations between blood groups and major cardiovascular risk factors. Contrary to previous findings suggesting elevated cardiovascular risk in non-O blood groups, our results did not establish significant associations between blood groups and cardiovascular conditions or risk factors. The high prevalence of ACS, hypertension (particularly among older males), dyslipidemia, and smoking underscore the urgent need for targeted preventive strategies and further research to elucidate the complex interplay between blood types, genetic factors, and CVD in this population. These findings emphasize the necessity for addressing modifiable risk factors through education and preventive measures to improve cardiovascular outcomes.
包括阿尔及利亚在内的非洲地区关于血型与心血管疾病（CVD）之间关联的研究显著有限，主要集中在献血者身上。这种狭窄的研究范围阻碍了对非洲背景下血型遗传多样性及其与心血管疾病风险潜在联系的全面理解。为了填补这一知识空白，本研究旨在调查血型基因型的分布及其与心血管疾病患病率的关联，以增进非洲背景下的相关知识，并为全球对血型与心血管疾病关系的认识做出贡献。
本回顾性研究在阿尔及利亚阿尔及尔的穆斯塔法·巴查大学医院（CHU）心脏病学A2科进行。纳入标准包括年龄在18岁及以上且确诊患有心血管疾病的患者。相反，未确诊或无血型记录的患者被排除在研究之外。数据收集涵盖关键心血管危险因素，并使用标准血清学检测方法确定血型。使用R和Jamovi软件进行统计分析，预定义显著性阈值为p < 0.05。
我们对2780名患者的队列分析（61.7%为男性；平均年龄：62.53 ± 13.06岁）显示，O型血占主导（42.84%），其次是A型（32.27%）、B型（16.19%）和AB型（8.71%），该队列中93.42%为恒河猴（Rh）阳性。计算得出的ABO等位基因频率分别为0.2315（A）、0.1319（B）和0.6532（O），表明显著偏离哈迪 - 温伯格平衡（HWE）（χ² = 47.88，p < 0.05），而Rh分布保持平衡。高血压（94.50%）、血脂异常（94.03%）和糖尿病（79.57%）是最常见的心血管危险因素。急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）是主要诊断（39.75%），值得注意的是，除了Rh阴性（Rh -）个体中心律失常的患病率略高（9.29%对5.81%）外，未观察到血型与心血管疾病状况或危险因素之间存在显著关联。
本研究为阿尔及利亚心血管疾病患者中ABO和Rh血型的分布提供了新见解，突出了O型血和Rh阳性（Rh +）个体的患病率，但血型与主要心血管危险因素之间无显著关联。与先前表明非O型血心血管风险升高的研究结果相反，我们的结果未证实血型与心血管疾病状况或危险因素之间存在显著关联。ACS、高血压（尤其是老年男性）、血脂异常和吸烟的高患病率凸显了制定针对性预防策略以及进一步研究以阐明该人群中血型、遗传因素和心血管疾病之间复杂相互作用的迫切需求。这些发现强调了通过教育和预防措施解决可改变危险因素以改善心血管结局的必要性。
