Eghlima Ghasem, Aghamir Fateme, Mohammadi Meisam, Seyed Hajizadeh Hanifeh, Kaya Ozkan
Department of Agriculture Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran.
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture Ilam University Ilam Iran.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Jan 9;13(1):e4748. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4748. eCollection 2025 Jan.
The genus , belonging to the Rosaceae family, exhibits widespread distribution across Iran, comprising 17 species. Hawthorn has garnered significant attention in recent years as a prominent herbal remedy in phytotherapy and culinary applications. Various plant parts, including flowers, leaves, and fruits, have been traditionally employed to address cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, hypotension, palpitations, and cardiac arrhythmias. The presence of bioactive phytochemicals, notably polyphenols and anthocyanins, confers antispasmodic and analgesic properties to hawthorn. This study investigated the bioactive capacity of mature fruits from five ecotypes indigenous to Iran. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was utilized to elucidate the phenolic profile, although morphological characteristics and antimicrobial properties were also assessed. The ecotypes under investigation were sourced from elevations ranging from 1205 to 1681 m above sea level. Morphological analysis revealed that fruit weight varied from 0.84 to 2.53 g, whereas pericarp weight ranged from 0.21 to 1.19 g. The number of seeds per fruit fluctuated between 1 and 3. HPLC analysis identified the primary phenolic compounds in as catechin, -coumaric acid, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and rutin. Biochemical characterization of the ecotypes yielded the following ranges: total soluble solids (TSS) 10.31°Brix-18.53°Brix, total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) 8.34%-16.65%, vitamin C content 4.24-12.38 mg g DW, total carotenoid content 185.32-294.4 μg g DW, and total anthocyanin content 43.21-85.34 mg C3G g DW. Total phenolic compounds ranged from 170.52 to 254.31 mg GAE g DW, whereas total flavonoid content varied between 59.28 and 84.41 mg RE g DW. Antioxidant activity, as determined by IC values, ranged from 14.47 to 37.51 μg mL. Antimicrobial assays demonstrated that the extract exhibited maximum efficacy against , with the ecotype extract displaying a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.125 mg mL. In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis of five distinct ecotypes (, , , , and ) revealed substantial diversity in terms of morphological traits, functional bioactive compounds, and antimicrobial potential. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge regarding the phytochemical composition and potential therapeutic applications of .
该属植物属于蔷薇科，在伊朗广泛分布，共有17个物种。近年来，山楂作为植物疗法和烹饪应用中的一种重要草药备受关注。传统上，包括花、叶和果实在内的各种植物部位被用于治疗心血管疾病，如高血压、低血压、心悸和心律失常。生物活性植物化学物质的存在，特别是多酚和花青素，赋予了山楂解痉和止痛特性。本研究调查了伊朗本土五种生态型成熟果实的生物活性能力。尽管也评估了形态特征和抗菌特性，但采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）来阐明酚类成分。所研究的生态型源自海拔1205至1681米的地区。形态分析表明，果实重量在0.84至2.53克之间变化，而果皮重量在0.21至1.19克之间。每个果实的种子数在1至3之间波动。HPLC分析确定山楂中的主要酚类化合物为儿茶素、对香豆酸、槲皮素、绿原酸和芦丁。对这些生态型的生化特性分析得出以下范围：总可溶性固形物（TSS）为10.31°Brix - 18.53°Brix，总可溶性碳水化合物（TSC）为8.34% - 16.65%，维生素C含量为4.24 - 12.38毫克/克干重，总类胡萝卜素含量为185.32 - 294.4微克/克干重，总花青素含量为43.21 - 85.34毫克矢车菊素 - 3 - 葡萄糖苷/克干重。总酚类化合物含量在170.52至254.31毫克没食子酸当量/克干重之间，而总黄酮含量在59.28至84.41毫克芦丁当量/克干重之间变化。通过IC值测定的抗氧化活性范围为14.47至37.51微克/毫升。抗菌试验表明，山楂提取物对[具体菌种未给出]显示出最大功效，其中[具体生态型未给出]生态型提取物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为每毫升0.125毫克。总之，对五个不同山楂生态型（[具体生态型名称未给出]、[具体生态型名称未给出]、[具体生态型名称未给出]、[具体生态型名称未给出]和[具体生态型名称未给出]）的综合分析揭示了在形态特征、功能性生物活性化合物和抗菌潜力方面的显著差异。这些发现有助于增加关于山楂植物化学成分和潜在治疗应用的知识体系。
