Liu Yun, Li Biao, Zhou Deli
Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, IN 46323, USA.
School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
Biol Lett. 2025 Jan;21(1):20240619. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0619. Epub 2025 Jan 15.
This study employs an integrated approach, combining three-dimensional flow visualization and two-dimensional flow measurement to investigate the underlying unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms of hovering hawkmoths. Using a single vortex ring model, three aerodynamic force components, such as aerodynamic force induced by unsteady circulation, vortex loop size variation and added mass, are estimated within a dimensionless time (normalized by one wing beat cycle) range of 0.418 < < 0.455, where both the vortex loop circulation and loop size data are available. The force analysis reveals that the unsteady circulation-induced aerodynamic force dominates the overall force production and contributes 67% of the total force while the vortex loop size variation and added mass effect-induced aerodynamic forces only count for 25% and 8%, respectively. These findings suggest the hawkmoth primarily relies on unsteady circulation to generate aerodynamic forces.
本研究采用一种综合方法，将三维流动可视化与二维流动测量相结合，以研究悬停天蛾潜在的非定常空气动力学机制。使用单个涡环模型，在无量纲时间（以一个翅膀拍动周期为归一化）范围0.418＜ ＜0.455内估计三个空气动力分量，如由非定常环量、涡环尺寸变化和附加质量引起的空气动力，在此范围内可获得涡环环量和环尺寸数据。力分析表明，非定常环量引起的空气动力在总力产生中占主导地位，占总力的67%，而涡环尺寸变化和附加质量效应引起的空气动力分别仅占25%和8%。这些发现表明，天蛾主要依靠非定常环量来产生空气动力。
