Li Yuan, Cheng Zewei, Li Shengli, Zhang Jiwei
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Dec 18;11(1):e41354. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41354. eCollection 2025 Jan 15.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is widely recognized as the third most prevalent malignancy globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Traditional treatment modalities for CRC, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, can be utilized either individually or in combination. However, these treatments frequently result in significant side effects due to their non-specificity and cytotoxicity affecting all cells. Moreover, a considerable number of patients face relapses following these treatments. Consequently, it is imperative to explore more efficacious treatment interventions for CRC patients. Immunotherapy, an emerging frontier in oncology, represents a novel therapeutic approach that leverages the body's immune system to target cancer cells. The principal advantage of immunotherapy is its capacity to selectively target cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells. Its recent adoption as a neoadjuvant therapy presents significant potential to transform the treatment landscape for both primary resectable and metastatic CRC. This review endeavors to offer a comprehensive overview of current strategies in CRC immunotherapy, critically analyze existing literature, underscore anticipated outcomes from ongoing clinical trials, and deliberate on the challenges and impediments encountered within the field of immunotherapy.
结直肠癌（CRC）被广泛认为是全球第三大常见恶性肿瘤，也是癌症相关死亡的第二大主要原因。CRC的传统治疗方式包括手术、化疗和放疗，可以单独使用或联合使用。然而，由于这些治疗具有非特异性和细胞毒性，会影响所有细胞，因此常常会导致严重的副作用。此外，相当数量的患者在接受这些治疗后会出现复发。因此，为CRC患者探索更有效的治疗干预措施势在必行。免疫疗法是肿瘤学领域的一个新兴前沿领域，代表了一种利用人体免疫系统靶向癌细胞的新型治疗方法。免疫疗法的主要优点是能够选择性地靶向癌细胞，同时将对健康细胞的损害降至最低。其最近作为新辅助疗法的应用，为改变原发性可切除和转移性CRC的治疗格局带来了巨大潜力。本综述旨在全面概述CRC免疫治疗的当前策略，批判性地分析现有文献，强调正在进行的临床试验的预期结果，并探讨免疫治疗领域遇到的挑战和障碍。
