Albagieh Hamad, Alrashed Khalid W, AlGammlas Mohammed Y, Khormi Hassan, Hodan Fares M, Alem Mohammed F, Alhelal Faisal, Albaiz Abdullah M
College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU.
Cureus. 2025 Jan 13;17(1):e77405. doi: 10.7759/cureus.77405. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Oral melanocytic nevi (OMN) are rare benign tumors originating from melanocytes with an unclear pathogenesis. The current theory suggests that OMN originate from dormant dendritic melanocytes that become enclosed in the dermis during the embryonic migration of melanoblasts - the precursors of melanocytes - from the neural crest to the epidermis. OMN can be congenital or acquired, with acquired nevi being more common. These nevi are classified into several types based on histological features, including junctional, compound, intradermal, combined, and blue nevi. Among these, intramucosal nevi are the most frequent, followed by blue nevi. Oral blue nevus, although rare, is typically asymptomatic and commonly found on the hard palate. This report presents a case of a blue nevus located on the lingual attached gingiva of a 37-year-old male patient. Despite the benign nature of blue nevi, their clinical appearance often mimics other pigmented lesions, including malignant melanoma. This case highlights the importance of distinguishing blue nevi from other oral melanocytic lesions through histopathological examination to ensure proper diagnosis and management. The report also emphasizes the role of routine oral examinations in the early detection of such lesions, especially given the potential for misdiagnosis in clinical practice.
口腔黑素细胞痣（OMN）是起源于黑素细胞的罕见良性肿瘤，其发病机制尚不清楚。目前的理论认为，OMN起源于休眠的树突状黑素细胞，这些细胞在黑素母细胞（黑素细胞的前体）从神经嵴向表皮的胚胎迁移过程中被包埋在真皮中。OMN可以是先天性的或后天获得的，后天获得性痣更为常见。根据组织学特征，这些痣可分为几种类型，包括交界痣、复合痣、皮内痣、联合痣和蓝痣。其中，黏膜内痣最为常见，其次是蓝痣。口腔蓝痣虽然罕见，但通常无症状，常见于硬腭。本报告介绍了一例37岁男性患者舌侧附着龈上的蓝痣病例。尽管蓝痣本质上是良性的，但其临床表现常与其他色素沉着病变相似，包括恶性黑色素瘤。该病例强调了通过组织病理学检查将蓝痣与其他口腔黑素细胞病变区分开来以确保正确诊断和治疗的重要性。报告还强调了常规口腔检查在早期发现此类病变中的作用，特别是考虑到临床实践中存在误诊的可能性。
