Xiang Mai, Qiao Li, Han Qi, Zha Yu, Sui Xuemei, Wang Qirong
Sports Nutrition Center, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
Key Lab of Sports Nutrition, State General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing 100029, China.
Nutr Rev. 2025 Jul 1;83(7):e1544-e1563. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae193.
Dietary fiber (DF) exhibits variations in its chemical and physical complexity, as well as in its utilization by the gut microbiota. However, the impact of these differences on the health status of adults with overweight or obesity remains unclear.
This meta-analysis aimed to explore the varying effects of supplementing with different specificities of DF on the health of adults with overweight or obesity, providing guidance on selecting DF supplementation to improve health status.
The literature search encompassed 4 electronic databases-PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE-and was conducted between January 1, 2012, and November 10, 2023. Randomized controlled trials comparing DF with placebo treatment, without energy restriction, were included.
Two independent reviewers extracted data using a standardized form, resolving discrepancies through discussion. The data included study characteristics, participant demographics, DF specifications, and outcome measures.
Random-effects models and the generic inverse variance method were used to analyze data, assuming varying outcomes based on DF specificity. Meta-regression assessed the impact of population, duration, and dosage. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's and Begg's tests. The analysis included 34 trials (n = 1804) examining DF supplementation at 1.5 to 40 g/day for 3 to 16 weeks. DF supplementation significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 0.13%, fasting insulin by 0.82 μIU/mL, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) by 0.33 in adults with overweight or obesity. Subgroup analyses based on DF specificity revealed differences in effects on HbA1c, fasting insulin, and systolic blood pressure. The low-specificity subgroup showed significant heterogeneity in body weight, body mass index, HbA1c, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR, with a decrease in fasting insulin by 1.09 μIU/mL. The low-to-intermediate-specificity subgroup had reductions in HbA1c by 0.8%, fasting insulin by 2.08 μIU/mL, and HOMA-IR by 0.61. The intermediate-specificity subgroup experienced a 2.85-kg decrease in body weight and a 9.03-mg/dL increase in LDL cholesterol. The mixed subgroup showed an increase in systolic blood pressure by 3.85 mmHg.
Supplementing with different specificities of DF may have distinct effects on health-related indicators in adults with overweight or obesity. Considering individuals' gut microbiota composition and specific health goals is recommended when selecting DF supplementation for adults with overweight or obesity.
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023432920.
膳食纤维（DF）在化学和物理复杂性以及肠道微生物群对其的利用方面存在差异。然而，这些差异对超重或肥胖成年人健康状况的影响仍不清楚。
本荟萃分析旨在探讨补充不同特性的膳食纤维对超重或肥胖成年人健康的不同影响，为选择膳食纤维补充剂以改善健康状况提供指导。
文献检索涵盖了4个电子数据库——PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、科学网和EMBASE——检索时间为2012年1月1日至2023年11月10日。纳入了比较膳食纤维与安慰剂治疗且无能量限制的随机对照试验。
两名独立的评审员使用标准化表格提取数据，通过讨论解决差异。数据包括研究特征、参与者人口统计学、膳食纤维规格和结果测量。
采用随机效应模型和通用逆方差法分析数据，假设基于膳食纤维特异性的结果不同。Meta回归评估了人群、持续时间和剂量的影响。使用漏斗图以及Egger检验和Begg检验评估发表偏倚。分析包括34项试验（n = 1804），研究了每天补充1.5至40克膳食纤维，持续3至16周的情况。补充膳食纤维可使超重或肥胖成年人的糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）显著降低0.13%，空腹胰岛素降低0.82 μIU/mL，胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）降低0.33。基于膳食纤维特异性的亚组分析显示，对HbA1c、空腹胰岛素和收缩压的影响存在差异。低特异性亚组在体重、体重指数、HbA1c、空腹胰岛素和HOMA-IR方面表现出显著异质性，空腹胰岛素降低1.09 μIU/mL。低至中特异性亚组的HbA1c降低0.8%，空腹胰岛素降低2.08 μIU/mL，HOMA-IR降低0.61。中特异性亚组体重减轻2.85千克，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高9.03 mg/dL。混合亚组的收缩压升高3.85 mmHg。
补充不同特性的膳食纤维可能对超重或肥胖成年人的健康相关指标产生不同影响。为超重或肥胖成年人选择膳食纤维补充剂时，建议考虑个体的肠道微生物群组成和特定健康目标。
PROSPERO注册号CRD42023432920。
