Cu(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4-]pyridine Derivatives and Their Potential Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities with Molecular Docking, DFT Calculation, and SwissADME Analysis.

The present work focuses on a newly synthesized pyrazolo[3,4-]pyridine prepared by formal [3 + 3] cycloaddition using copper(II) acetylacetonate as the catalyst; efficient and effective mild reactions with high yields were obtained using this method. The synthesized compounds were identified by FT-IR, H and C NMR, and mass spectra (/) analyses. The compounds () were screened for several in vitro and in silico activities. Compound showed impressive inhibitory activities against methicillin-resistant (MIC: 2 μg/mL), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (MIC: 8 μg/mL), piperacillin-resistant , and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (MIC: 4 μg/mL) compared to the positive control, ciprofloxacin. Compared to standard doxorubicin, compound had a higher efficacy against the HepG2 cancer cell line, with a GI value of 0.01 μM. The highly active compound was investigated for in silico molecular docking, density functional theory calculations (DFT), and SwissADME physicochemical properties. Compound had a higher docking score compared with standard (-8.5 vs -7.3 and -10.0 vs -8.4 kcal/mol). In compound , the energy gap was 0.17 eV, as determined by using DFT calculations. The physicochemical properties of all compounds were investigated by using SwissADME. Overall, compound exhibited promising antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.