Loy Duan Sriyotee, Birn Rachael, Poonsuk Korakrit, Tegomoh Bryan, Bartling Amanda, Wiley Michael R, Loy John Dustin
School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.
Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
Front Vet Sci. 2025 Jan 3;11:1496207. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1496207. eCollection 2024.
Widespread surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 was conducted across wildlife, captive animals in zoological collections, and domestic cats in Nebraska from 2021 to 2023. The goal of this effort was to determine the prevalence, phylogenetic and spatial distribution characteristics of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants using various diagnostic methodologies that can utilize both antemortem and postmortem samples, which may be required for wildlife such as white-tailed deer. Statewide surveillance testing revealed high variation in SARS-CoV-2 prevalence among species, with white-tailed deer identified as the primary reservoir. In 2021, seroprevalence in white-tailed deer was 63.73% ( = 91) and 39.66% ( = 237) in 2022, while virus detection in retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RLN) was 16.35% ( = 483) in 2021 and 3.61% ( = 277) in 2022. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted on 11 positive samples from 2021. This analysis revealed the presence of four lineages of the Delta variant: AY.100, AY.119, AY.3, and AY.46.4. Conversely, other species showed no virus detection, except domestic cats, which had a low seroprevalence of 2.38% ( = 628) in 2022, indicating minimal exposure. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer and the identification of multiple Delta lineages underscores the need for ongoing surveillance and the importance of using different diagnostic methodologies. These efforts are critical for understanding virus circulation and evolution in wildlife and domestic animals, informing public health strategies, and mitigating the risks of zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging infectious diseases.
2021年至2023年期间，在内布拉斯加州对野生动物、动物园圈养动物和家猫进行了广泛的SARS-CoV-2监测。这项工作的目标是使用各种诊断方法来确定循环中的SARS-CoV-2变体的流行率、系统发育和空间分布特征，这些方法可以利用生前和死后样本，对于白尾鹿等野生动物可能需要这些样本。全州范围的监测检测显示，不同物种之间SARS-CoV-2的流行率差异很大，白尾鹿被确定为主要宿主。2021年，白尾鹿的血清阳性率为63.73%（n = 91），2022年为39.66%（n = 237），而2021年咽后淋巴结（RLN）中的病毒检测率为16.35%（n = 483），2022年为3.61%（n = 277）。对2021年的11个阳性样本进行了系统发育分析。该分析揭示了Delta变体的四个谱系：AY.100、AY.119、AY.3和AY.46.4。相反，其他物种未检测到病毒，但家猫除外，2022年其血清阳性率较低，为2.38%（n = 628），表明接触程度最低。在白尾鹿中检测到SARS-CoV-2以及鉴定出多个Delta谱系强调了持续监测的必要性以及使用不同诊断方法的重要性。这些努力对于了解病毒在野生动物和家畜中的传播和进化、为公共卫生策略提供信息以及减轻SARS-CoV-2和其他新发传染病的人畜共患病传播风险至关重要。
