Bao Chengzhen, Han Lili
Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jan 3;12:1410086. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1410086. eCollection 2024.
Anxiety is widespread among adolescents, and research has shown that this condition can profoundly affect their mental, emotional, and physical well-being. The purpose of this study was to analyze gender differences in anxiety levels among adolescents and to explore the influencing factors and pathways.
A total of 3601 adolescents were included in this study (age: 15.14±1.97 years; male: 48.76%). Gender, age, school category, grade, duration of sleep, duration on Internet, anxiety and several social factors were investigated by online questionnaire. Teachers were responsible for organizing students to fill out the questionnaire. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) was applied to measure participants' anxiety levels over the past 2 weeks. An Ordinal Logistic Regression measured risk factors of anxiety, while a path analysis was used to estimate the structural relationship between risk factors and anxiety.
The severity of anxiety in female was higher. Approaching graduation, lack of sleep, poor peer relationships, poor ability to complete tasks, and unwillingness to seek help when in a bad mood were risk factors for anxiety in both male and female adolescents. Among female, prolonged Internet access is a risk factor for anxiety. The fit indices for the modified models were appropriate (male: GFI=0.999, IFI=0.996, TLI=0.976, CFI=0.995, AGFI=0.990, RMSEA=0.021, SRMR=0.016; female: GFI=0.997, IFI=0.990, TLI=0.971, CFI=0.990, AGFI=0.990, RMSEA=0.020, SRMR=0.018).
The female adolescents might have higher levels of anxiety, that academic stress, sleep, peer relationships, competence, and level of social support might be influence factors on anxiety in adolescents, and that "daily duration on Internet" might not be the risk factor in male adolescent.
焦虑在青少年中普遍存在，研究表明这种状况会深刻影响他们的心理、情感和身体健康。本研究的目的是分析青少年焦虑水平的性别差异，并探讨影响因素和途径。
本研究共纳入3601名青少年（年龄：15.14±1.97岁；男性：48.76%）。通过在线问卷调查性别、年龄、学校类别、年级、睡眠时间、上网时长、焦虑及若干社会因素。教师负责组织学生填写问卷。采用广泛性焦虑障碍量表（GAD-7）测量参与者过去2周的焦虑水平。有序逻辑回归分析焦虑的危险因素，路径分析用于估计危险因素与焦虑之间的结构关系。
女性焦虑程度更高。临近毕业、睡眠不足、同伴关系差、完成任务能力差以及心情不好时不愿寻求帮助是男女青少年焦虑的危险因素。在女性中，上网时间过长是焦虑的危险因素。修正模型的拟合指数合适（男性：GFI = 0.999，IFI = 0.996，TLI = 0.976，CFI = 0.995，AGFI = 0.990，RMSEA = 0.021，SRMR = 0.016；女性：GFI = 0.997，IFI = 0.990，TLI = 0.971，CFI = 0.990，AGFI = 0.990，RMSEA = 0.020，SRMR = 0.018）。
女性青少年可能焦虑水平更高，学业压力、睡眠、同伴关系、能力和社会支持水平可能是青少年焦虑的影响因素，且“每日上网时长”可能不是男性青少年焦虑的危险因素。
