Maulana Hafiedz, Yueniwati Yuyun, Permatasari Nur, Suyono Hadi
Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Department of Dentistry-Biomedical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Jember, Jember, East Java, Indonesia.
J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2024 Dec 26;20(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2024.12.009. eCollection 2025 Feb.
Relapse after orthodontic treatment remains a crucial problem. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) accelerate osteoblastogenesis and inhibit osteoclastogenesis. However, their effect on tooth movement during the retention phase of orthodontic treatment has not been studied. This study investigated the role of PEMF stimulation in preventing tooth relapse after orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in rat models.
Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into control, PEMF 7, and PEMF 14 groups. The maxillary first molar was moved mesially with a 50 g force of a Nickel Titanium closed coil spring for 21 days. Therefore, PEMF stimulations, including a frequency of 15 Hz and intensity of 2.0 mT, were applied to a retention phase for 2 h daily for 7 and 14 days. The tooth relapse distance was evaluated on days 1, 3, 7, and 14; the number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and fibroblasts was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining; and the expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and type I collagen (Col-I) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc test with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Tooth relapse distance was significantly decreased in the PEMF 7 and PEMF 14 groups compared to the control group. A significant increase was detected in osteoblasts, fibroblasts, FGF-2, and Col-I in both PEMF groups, while osteoclasts decreased (p < 0.05).
The reduction of tooth relapse could be attributed to PEMF stimulation for 7 and 14 days by accelerating alveolar bone formation and periodontal ligament remodeling.
正畸治疗后的复发仍然是一个关键问题。脉冲电磁场（PEMFs）可加速成骨细胞生成并抑制破骨细胞生成。然而，它们在正畸治疗保持阶段对牙齿移动的影响尚未得到研究。本研究调查了PEMF刺激在大鼠模型正畸牙齿移动（OTM）后预防牙齿复发中的作用。
36只雄性Wistar大鼠分为对照组、PEMF 7组和PEMF 14组。用镍钛闭合螺旋弹簧以50 g的力将上颌第一磨牙近中移动21天。然后，在保持阶段每天施加PEMF刺激，频率为15 Hz，强度为2.0 mT，持续7天和14天，每天2小时。在第1、3、7和14天评估牙齿复发距离；通过苏木精和伊红染色评估成骨细胞、破骨细胞和成纤维细胞的数量；通过免疫组织化学评估成纤维细胞生长因子2（FGF-2）和I型胶原（Col-I）的表达。数据采用单因素方差分析和事后检验进行分析，p < 0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
与对照组相比，PEMF 7组和PEMF 14组牙齿复发距离显著降低。两个PEMF组的成骨细胞、成纤维细胞、FGF-2和Col-I均显著增加，而破骨细胞减少（p < 0.05）。
牙齿复发的减少可能归因于PEMF刺激7天和14天，通过加速牙槽骨形成和牙周膜重塑。
