Worku Netsanet, Sanou Antoine, Hartke Juliane, Morris Marion, Cissé Fatoumata, Ouédraogo Salimata, Tapsoba Madou, Vallon Nicola, Akilu Tewodros Debebe, Worku Ligabaw, Guelbeogo Moussa Wamdaogo, Ingham Victoria A
Institute of Public Health (IPH), College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, PO Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Rue 1487 Avenue de la liberté, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Parasit Vectors. 2025 Jan 20;18(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s13071-024-06638-2.
Malaria remains a key contributor to mortality and morbidity across Africa, with the highest burden in children under 5. Insecticide-based vector control tools, which target the adult Anopheles mosquitoes, are the most efficacious tool in disease prevention. Due to the widespread use of these interventions, insecticide resistance to the most used classes of insecticides is now pervasive across Africa. Understanding the underlying mechanisms contributing to this phenotype is necessary to both track the spread of resistance and to design new tools to overcome it.
Here, we compare the microbiota composition of insecticide-resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae, An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis from Burkina Faso, and in the latter case additionally from Ethiopia, to insecticide-susceptible populations.
We show that the microbiota composition between insecticide-resistant and -susceptible populations does not differ in Burkina Faso. This result is supported by data from laboratory colonies originating in Burkina Faso across two countries. In contrast, An. arabiensis from Ethiopia demonstrates clear differences in microbiota composition in those dying from and those surviving insecticide exposure. To further understand resistance in this An. arabiensis population, we performed RNAseq and saw differential expression of detoxification genes associated with insecticide resistance and changes in respiration, metabolism and synapse-related ion channels.
Our results indicate that, in addition to changes in the transcriptome, microbiota can contribute to insecticide resistance in certain settings.
疟疾仍然是非洲死亡率和发病率的主要促成因素，5岁以下儿童负担最重。以杀虫剂为基础的病媒控制工具针对成年按蚊，是疾病预防中最有效的工具。由于这些干预措施的广泛使用，目前非洲各地对最常用杀虫剂类别的抗药性普遍存在。了解导致这种表型的潜在机制对于追踪抗药性的传播以及设计新的工具来克服它都很有必要。
在这里，我们比较了来自布基纳法索的冈比亚按蚊、科氏按蚊和阿拉伯按蚊的抗杀虫剂种群以及后一种情况下还来自埃塞俄比亚的抗杀虫剂种群与易感杀虫剂种群的微生物群组成。
我们发现，在布基纳法索，抗杀虫剂种群和易感杀虫剂种群之间的微生物群组成没有差异。这一结果得到了来自两个国家起源于布基纳法索的实验室种群数据的支持。相比之下，来自埃塞俄比亚 的阿拉伯按蚊在死于杀虫剂暴露和在杀虫剂暴露中存活的个体之间，微生物群组成存在明显差异。为了进一步了解这个阿拉伯按蚊种群的抗药性，我们进行了RNA测序，发现与抗杀虫剂相关的解毒基因表达存在差异，以及呼吸、代谢和突触相关离子通道发生了变化。
我们的结果表明，除了转录组的变化外，微生物群在某些情况下也可能导致抗杀虫剂。
