Piñeiro Mauricio, Manrique Sofía, Gómez Jessica, Rodriguez Juan Manuel, Barrera Patricia, Caballero Duilio, Sosa Miguel A, Vargas-Arana Gabriel, Tapia Alejandro, Lima Beatriz, Simirgiotis Mario J
Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), San Juan, Argentina.
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Front Pharmacol. 2025 Jan 6;15:1508835. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1508835. eCollection 2024.
This research was designed to investigate the metabolite profiling, phenolics content, and the trypanocidal, nematicidal, antibacterial, antifungal, and free radical scavenging properties of Motyka. The air-dried material was extracted successively with dichloromethane and methanol (UlMeOH). Two phases were obtained from the extract with dichloromethane, one soluble in methanol (UlDCM-s) and the other insoluble (UlDCM-i). The metabolite profiling was obtained using ultra-high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) system. The trypanocidal and nematicidal activities were determined according to standardized protocols. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) rules. The total phenolic content of lichen extracts was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant properties were assessed through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes (ILP) assays, and the extracts exhibited robust antioxidant activity. Seventeen compounds were detected, of which thirteen were identified by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis, including depsides, depsidones, fatty acids, dibenzofurans, benzoic acids, and triterpenes. The UlDCM-s and UlMeOH extracts displayed strong trypanocidal activity against epimastigotes at 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL and a nematicidal activity toward J2 , an important nematode infecting horticultural crops. Regarding the antimicrobial activity, the results showed that all bacteria and yeasts tested were inhibited by the different extracts with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 25 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL. The UlDCM-s and UlMeOH extracts showed phenolic content of 107 mg and 48 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dried extract, respectively. The UlDCM-s, UIDCM-i, and UlMeOH extracts showed moderate free radical scavenging activity in the DPPH, FRAP, and TEAC assays until 1 mg/mL and ILP tests at 250 μg/mL. The results indicated that may constitute a potential source of diverse bioactivities with application in the food, pharmaceutical, and agronomic industries.
本研究旨在调查莫蒂卡（Motyka）的代谢物谱、酚类含量以及杀锥虫、杀线虫、抗菌、抗真菌和自由基清除特性。将风干的材料先后用二氯甲烷和甲醇（UlMeOH）萃取。用二氯甲烷从提取物中得到两个相，一个可溶于甲醇（UlDCM-s），另一个不溶（UlDCM-i）。使用超高效液相色谱与电喷雾电离四极杆飞行时间质谱（UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS）系统获得代谢物谱。根据标准化方案测定杀锥虫和杀线虫活性。根据临床和实验室标准协会（CLSI）规则评估抗菌活性。地衣提取物的总酚含量通过福林-西奥卡勒法（Folin-Ciocalteu method）测定。通过2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）、特洛克斯等效抗氧化活性（TEAC）、铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）和红细胞脂质过氧化抑制（ILP）试验评估抗氧化特性，提取物表现出强大的抗氧化活性。检测到17种化合物，其中13种通过UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS分析鉴定，包括缩酚酸、缩酚酮、脂肪酸、二苯并呋喃、苯甲酸和三萜。UlDCM-s和UlMeOH提取物在50μg/mL和100μg/mL时对无鞭毛体表现出强大的杀锥虫活性，对感染园艺作物的重要线虫J2表现出杀线虫活性。关于抗菌活性，结果表明，所有测试的细菌和酵母均受到不同提取物的抑制，最低抑菌浓度（MIC）值在25μg/mL至500μg/mL之间。UlDCM-s和UlMeOH提取物的酚类含量分别为107mg和48mg没食子酸当量（GAE）/g干提取物。UlDCM-s、UIDCM-i和UlMeOH提取物在DPPH、FRAP和TEAC试验中直至1mg/mL时表现出中等程度的自由基清除活性，在ILP试验中在250μg/mL时表现出中等程度的自由基清除活性。结果表明，莫蒂卡可能构成具有多种生物活性的潜在来源，并可应用于食品、制药和农艺行业。
