Ré Alessandro Hervaldo Nicolai, Cattuzzo Maria Teresa, Stodden David, Santos Guilherme Dos, Tertuliano Albert Lucas Olinto, Monteiro Carlos Bandeira de Mello, Coledam Diogo Henrique Constantino, Okely Anthony David
Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Rev Paul Pediatr. 2025 Jan 20;43:e2024113. doi: 10.1590/1984-0462/2025/43/2024113. eCollection 2025.
To examine the predictive strength of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), motor competence (MC), maternal educational status, and parental perception of their children's favorite leisure activities for meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines of each gender among children aged 3-6 years.
This is a cross-sectional study with 367 preschoolers (53% girls), assessing CRF (PREFIT 20m shuttle run), MC (battery of motor skills), PA (accelerometry), maternal education and parental perception of children's preferred leisure (questionnaires). Factorial analysis of covariance, multiple logistic regression, and chi-square tests were conducted.
In both genders, CRF was associated with meeting PA guidelines (girls: odds ratio [OR] 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.18; boys: OR 1.12; 95%CI 1.05-1.19), independently of maternal education or parental perception of children's leisure activities. For girls, active leisure with balls (OR 28.91; 95%CI 6.88-121.50) and without balls (OR 4.32; 95%CI 1.95-9.57) enhanced the odds of compliance with PA guidelines, without effect of maternal education. For boys, maternal education was inversely associated with meeting the PA guidelines. Boys of lower-educated mothers were more likely to have activities with balls as favorite leisure, which was a stronger predictor and enhanced the odds of meeting the guidelines (OR 4.09; 95%CI 1.71-9.79) regardless of maternal education. Boys had a higher prevalence of active leisure with balls than girls (42.8 vs. 7.7%).
Regardless of CRF or MC, family and sociocultural circumstances influenced PA according to gender. Health policies should encourage equal gender participation in culturally significant sports or activities of a particular region/country, specifically within the family context.
探讨心肺适能（CRF）、运动能力（MC）、母亲教育程度以及父母对其子女最喜欢的休闲活动的认知，对3至6岁儿童达到各性别身体活动（PA）指南要求的预测强度。
这是一项针对367名学龄前儿童（53%为女孩）的横断面研究，评估心肺适能（PREFIT 20米穿梭跑）、运动能力（一系列运动技能）、身体活动（加速度计）、母亲教育程度以及父母对子女偏好休闲活动的认知（问卷调查）。进行了协方差的因子分析、多重逻辑回归和卡方检验。
在两个性别中，心肺适能与达到身体活动指南要求相关（女孩：优势比[OR] 1.10；95%置信区间[CI] 1.03 - 1.18；男孩：OR 1.12；95%CI 1.05 - 1.19），独立于母亲教育程度或父母对子女休闲活动的认知。对于女孩，有球的主动休闲活动（OR 28.91；95%CI 6.88 - 121.50）和无球的主动休闲活动（OR 4.32；95%CI 1.95 - 9.57）增加了符合身体活动指南要求的几率，不受母亲教育程度的影响。对于男孩，母亲教育程度与达到身体活动指南要求呈负相关。母亲受教育程度较低的男孩更有可能将有球的活动作为最喜欢的休闲活动，这是一个更强的预测因素，并且无论母亲教育程度如何，都增加了达到指南要求的几率（OR 4.09；95%CI 1.71 - 9.79）。男孩有球的主动休闲活动的患病率高于女孩（42.8%对7.7%）。
无论心肺适能或运动能力如何，家庭和社会文化环境根据性别影响身体活动。卫生政策应鼓励各性别平等参与特定地区/国家具有文化意义的体育或活动，特别是在家庭环境中。
