Wang Wei, Wang Yana, Zhang Yufeng, Si Dongyang, Li Xingyang, Liang Qingsong, Li Qianteng, Huang Lingyan, Wei Shutao, Liu Yu
Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
J Sport Health Sci. 2025 Jan 20;14:101028. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101028.
Despite the wide use of compression garments to enhance athletic running performance, evidence supporting improvements has not been conclusive. This updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared the effects of compression garment wearing with those of non-compression garment wearing (controls) during running on improving running performance.
A comprehensive search was conducted in the electronic databases (Web of Science, EBSCOhost, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane) for RCTs comparing running performance between runners wearing compression garments and controls during running, from inception to September 2024. Independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, appraised risk of bias (RoB 2) and certainty of evidence (Grading of Recommendations Assessments, Development and Evaluation (GRADE)). Primary outcomes were race time and time to exhaustion. Secondary outcomes covered running speed and race pace, submaximal oxygen uptake, tissue oxygenation, and soft tissue vibration. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to generate pooled estimates, expressed in standardized mean difference (SMD). Subgroup differences of garment, race type, and contact surface were tested in moderator analyses.
The search yielded 51 eligible studies comprising 899 participants, of which 33 studies were available for meta-analysis of primary outcomes. Runners wearing compression garments during running showed no significant improvement in race time (SMD = -0.07, 95%CI: -0.22 to 0.09; p = 0.40) or time to exhaustion (SMD = 0.04, 95%CI: -0.20 to 0.29; p = 0.72). Moderator analyses indicated no effects from garment type, race type, or surface. Secondary outcomes also showed no performance benefits, although compression garments significantly reduced soft tissue vibration (SMD = -0.43, 95%CI: -0.70 to -0.15; p < 0.01). Certainty of evidence was rated low to very low.
Data synthesis of current RCTs offers no updated evidence favoring the support of wearing compression garments during running as a viable strategy for improving running and endurance performance among runners of varying performance levels and types of running races.
尽管压缩服装被广泛用于提高运动员的跑步成绩，但支持其能带来改善效果的证据并不确凿。这项对随机对照试验（RCT）的更新系统评价和荟萃分析，比较了跑步时穿着压缩服装与不穿压缩服装（对照组）对提高跑步成绩的影响。
在电子数据库（Web of Science、EBSCOhost、PubMed、Embase、Scopus和Cochrane）中进行全面检索，查找从数据库建立至2024年9月期间，比较跑步时穿着压缩服装的跑步者与对照组跑步成绩的随机对照试验。独立评审员筛选研究、提取数据、评估偏倚风险（RoB 2）和证据确定性（推荐评估、制定与评价分级（GRADE））。主要结局为比赛时间和力竭时间。次要结局包括跑步速度和比赛配速、次最大摄氧量、组织氧合以及软组织振动。进行随机效应荟萃分析以生成汇总估计值，以标准化均数差（SMD）表示。在亚组分析中测试了服装类型、比赛类型和接触面的亚组差异。
检索得到51项符合条件的研究，共899名参与者，其中33项研究可用于主要结局的荟萃分析。跑步时穿着压缩服装的跑步者在比赛时间（SMD = -0.07，95%CI：-0.22至0.09；p = 0.40）或力竭时间（SMD = 0.04，95%CI：-0.20至0.29；p = 0.72）方面未显示出显著改善。亚组分析表明服装类型、比赛类型或地面均无影响。次要结局也未显示出性能优势，尽管压缩服装显著降低了软组织振动（SMD = -0.43，95%CI：-0.70至-0.15；p < 0.01）。证据确定性被评为低至极低。
当前随机对照试验的数据综合分析未提供新的证据支持跑步时穿着压缩服装作为提高不同水平和不同类型跑步比赛跑步者跑步和耐力表现的可行策略。
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