Kryeziu Artan R, Begu Bujar, Badau Dana, Iseni Astrit
Faculty of Physical Education, University of Pristina Hasan Prishtina, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo.
Center of Research, Studies in Physical Education, Sport and Health-CRSPES, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2025 Jan 14;10(1):32. doi: 10.3390/jfmk10010032.
The main purpose of this study is to identify the relative effect of age (RAE) according to norm values on the anthropometric performance and physical fitness of children between the ages of 9 and 11 years. The data, namely the percentiles of anthropometric parameters and physical fitness, are relevant for identifying the RAE in relation to gender and the month of birth in children.
For the sample in this study, 1185 young people from Kosovo were enrolled, including 626 males and 559 females aged 9-11 years. The gathered data were assessed via the EUROFIT methodology, which takes into account comparisons based on the quartile of birth and the relative age effect (RAE).
The results of the data show us that there are significant differences in the RAE among children born in Q2 at the age of 9 years, especially in boys, as well as significant differences in the height variable at the <0.005 significance level. Others factors did not show significant differences, for example, variables that are indicators of physical fitness. For both boys and girls born in Q1, significant differences were mainly found in the indicators of explosive strength, flexibility, static strength, speed, and agility, with a level of significance of < 0.001, while other indicators did not show significant differences. In addition, there was a significant difference the ratio between genders at the < 0.001 and < 0.005 levels, mainly among those born in Q1 and Q2. Similarly, at 10 years of age, children who were born earlier in the year had better scores, although the large disparities were more noticeable between quartiles than between genders, where the significant differences were mainly in the indicators of explosive strength, speed, and strength at the < 0.001 level, as well as static strength, agility, and speed at the < 0.005 level. Significant differences were also found for the indicators in terms of gender. At the age of 11, significant percentiles were mainly found in the quartiles at the beginning of the year for both boys and girls, and significant differences were also found at the < 0.001 level for RAE between quartiles and gender.
By using these data, it will be possible to highlight how males, who have demonstrated notable advantages in anthropometric and physical fitness measures, as well as those born in the first few months of the year, exhibit a relative age effect (RAE) in accordance with gender norm values.
本研究的主要目的是根据标准值确定年龄相对效应（RAE）对9至11岁儿童人体测量表现和身体素质的影响。人体测量参数和身体素质的百分位数数据，对于确定儿童性别和出生月份相关的RAE具有重要意义。
本研究纳入了1185名来自科索沃的年轻人，其中包括626名男性和559名9至11岁的女性。收集的数据通过EUROFIT方法进行评估，该方法考虑了基于出生四分位数和相对年龄效应（RAE）的比较。
数据结果表明，9岁时第二季度出生的儿童中，RAE存在显著差异，尤其是男孩，身高变量在<0.005显著水平上也存在显著差异。其他因素未显示出显著差异，例如身体素质指标变量。对于第一季度出生的男孩和女孩，主要在爆发力、柔韧性、静态力量、速度和敏捷性指标上发现了显著差异，显著水平<0.001，而其他指标未显示出显著差异。此外，在<0.001和<0.005水平上，性别比例存在显著差异，主要集中在第一季度和第二季度出生的人群中。同样，在10岁时，年初出生的儿童得分更高，尽管四分位数之间的差距比性别之间更明显，其中显著差异主要在<0.001水平的爆发力、速度和力量指标上，以及<0.005水平的静态力量、敏捷性和速度指标上。在指标方面也发现了性别差异。11岁时，男孩和女孩的显著百分位数主要出现在年初的四分位数中，四分位数和性别之间的RAE在<0.001水平上也存在显著差异。
通过使用这些数据，将有可能突出显示在人体测量和身体素质测量中表现出显著优势的男性，以及年初出生的那些人，如何根据性别标准值表现出相对年龄效应（RAE）。
