Nakata Hiroki, Akido Miki, Naruse Kumi, Fujiwara Motoko
1 Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan.
2 Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan.
Percept Mot Skills. 2017 Oct;124(5):900-911. doi: 10.1177/0031512517722284. Epub 2017 Jul 31.
The present study investigated characteristics of the relative age effect (RAE) among a general sample of Japanese elementary and junior high school students. Japan applies a unique annual age-grouping by birthdates between April 1 and March 31 of the following year for sport and education. Anthropometric and physical fitness data were obtained from 3,610 Japanese students, including height, weight, the 50-m sprint, standing long jump, grip strength, bent-leg sit-ups, sit and reach, side steps, 20-m shuttle run, and ball throw. We examined RAE-related differences in these data using a one-way analysis of variance by comparing students with birthdates in the first (April-September) versus second (October-March of the following year) semesters. We observed a significant RAE for boys aged 7 to 15 years on both anthropometric and fitness data, but a significant RAE for girls was only evident for physical fitness tests among elementary school and not junior high school students. Thus, a significant RAE in anthropometry and physical fitness was evident in a general sample of school children, and there were RAE gender differences among adolescents.
本研究调查了日本中小学生普通样本中的相对年龄效应（RAE）特征。日本在体育和教育方面采用了独特的按出生日期进行年度年龄分组的方式，即当年4月1日至次年3月31日。从3610名日本学生那里获取了人体测量和体能数据，包括身高、体重、50米短跑、立定跳远、握力、屈膝仰卧起坐、坐位体前屈、侧步、20米穿梭跑和投球。通过比较第一学期（4月至9月）与第二学期（次年10月至3月）出生的学生，我们使用单因素方差分析来检验这些数据中与RAE相关的差异。我们观察到，7至15岁男孩在人体测量和体能数据方面均存在显著的RAE，但女孩的显著RAE仅在小学生的体能测试中明显，在初中生中不明显。因此，在学童的普通样本中，人体测量和体能方面存在显著的RAE，且青少年中存在RAE性别差异。
