Tan Samuel Chin Wei, Zheng Bin-Bin, Tang Mae-Ling, Chu Hongyuan, Zhao Yun-Tao, Weng Cuilian
Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine (Aerospace Center Hospital), Beijing, 100049, China.
Department of Emergency, Fuzhou Changle District People's Hospital, Changle District, No.333 Xiyang South Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350200, China.
QJM. 2025 Jan 23. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaf022.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a major global health challenge, necessitating up-to-date data on its burden for effective care planning and resource allocation. This study comprehensively analyzes the global, regional, and national CVD burden and associated risks from 1990 to 2021.
We performed a secondary analysis of CVD burden and risk factors using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. In 2021, there were 612 million cases of CVD globally, accounting for 26.8% of all deaths. From 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence rate of CVD rose by 0.88% to 7,179 cases per 100,000 individuals, while mortality and DALY rates fell by 34.3% and 33.0% to 235 and 5,056 cases per 100,000 individuals, respectively. The highest CVD burden is seen in low-middle SDI levels. Regional disparities, differences in health system outcomes, and SDI-related inequalities persist. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke are significant contributors among CVD subtypes. The burden is more pronounced in older age groups and men. Notably, 79.5% of total CVD disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were attributable to 11 risk factors, with high Body Mass Index (BMI) showing the most significant increase.
Despite advancements, CVD remains a significant global burden, especially in low and lower-middle SDI regions. Rising prevalence and the impact of COVID-19 underscore ongoing challenges. The diverse burden across health systems highlights the need for sustained investment in healthcare infrastructure and targeted interventions. Addressing modifiable risk factors and socio-economic inequalities is essential.
心血管疾病（CVD）是一项重大的全球健康挑战，需要有关其负担的最新数据以进行有效的护理规划和资源分配。本研究全面分析了1990年至2021年全球、区域和国家层面的心血管疾病负担及相关风险。
我们使用《2021年全球疾病负担》（GBD）研究对心血管疾病负担和风险因素进行了二次分析。2021年，全球心血管疾病病例达6.12亿例，占所有死亡人数的26.8%。1990年至2021年，全球心血管疾病年龄标准化患病率上升了0.88%，达到每10万人7179例，而死亡率和伤残调整生命年率分别下降了34.3%和33.0%，降至每10万人235例和5056例。中低社会人口指数（SDI）水平地区的心血管疾病负担最高。区域差异、卫生系统结果差异以及与SDI相关的不平等现象依然存在。缺血性心脏病（IHD）和中风是心血管疾病亚型中的主要致病因素。负担在老年人群体和男性中更为明显。值得注意的是，79.5%的心血管疾病伤残调整生命年（DALYs）归因于11个风险因素，其中高体重指数（BMI）的增加最为显著。
尽管取得了进展，但心血管疾病仍然是一项重大的全球负担，尤其是在低和中低SDI地区。患病率上升以及新冠疫情的影响凸显了持续存在的挑战。各卫生系统的负担差异突出了对医疗基础设施进行持续投资和有针对性干预的必要性。应对可改变的风险因素和社会经济不平等至关重要。
