da Silva Luciana Maria, Habermann Eduardo, Costa Kátia Aparecida de Pinho, Costa Adriano Carvalho, Silva João Antônio Gonçalves E, Severiano Eduardo da Costa, Vilela Lourival, Silva Fabiano Guimarães, da Silva Alessandro Guerra, Marques Bruno de Souza, Rodrigues Fabrício, Martinez Carlos Alberto
Department of Agricultural Sciences/Agronomy, Goiano Federal Institute (IF Goiano), Rio Verde, Brazil.
Department of Biology, School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Jan 9;15:1484315. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1484315. eCollection 2024.
This study aimed to compare the conventional soybean ( L.) cultivation method with integrated systems in an Latossolo Vermelho Acriférrico típico and how these systems affect soil cover biomass production, initial nutrient concentration in plant residues, soil respiration and microclimate, as well as soybean growth, physiology and productivity. A comparative analysis of microclimate and soil respiration, plant physiology, and growth was conducted between a conventional soybean monoculture (soybean grown without plant residues on the soil from the previous crop) and soybean grown in soil containing maize residues. Additionally, experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of monocultures and previous integration between maize, three cultivars of (Zuri, Tamani, and Quênia guinea grass) and Pigeon pea ( cv. BRS Mandarim) on soil health, physiological aspects, and soybean production. Our results indicated that all cultivars of can be used in integrated systems. The triple consortium resulted in greater production of ground cover biomass and a higher concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur, which contributed to lower soil temperature and greater humidity, without a concomitant increase in soil respiration. Consequently, soybeans grown in the resulting integrated systems cover biomass showed a higher net photosynthesis rate and increased leaf chlorophyll index, resulting in taller plants, with higher above-ground biomass production and 21.0% and a 36.8% increase in grain yield when compared to soybean cultivated on maize biomass and on soil without cover residue, respectively. The data presented in this study demonstrated that integrated systems, with the presence of grasses and legumes, improve soil climatic conditions and nutrient availability, enhancing soybean physiology and productivity characteristics, thus contributing to the sustainability of agricultural production, even in the short term. Further long-term research is strongly recommended.
本研究旨在比较传统大豆种植方法与典型的赤红富铁铝土上的综合种植系统，以及这些系统如何影响土壤覆盖生物量生产、植物残体中的初始养分浓度、土壤呼吸和小气候，以及大豆的生长、生理和生产力。对传统大豆单作（前茬作物收获后土壤上无植物残体种植大豆）和在含有玉米残体的土壤中种植的大豆之间的小气候和土壤呼吸、植物生理及生长进行了比较分析。此外，还进行了实验，以评估单作以及玉米、三个俯仰臂形草品种（祖里、塔马尼和奎尼亚俯仰臂形草）和木豆（品种BRS曼达林）之间的前期整合对土壤健康、生理方面和大豆产量的影响。我们的结果表明，所有俯仰臂形草品种均可用于综合种植系统。三联体组合导致了更高的地被生物量产量以及更高的氮、磷、钾和硫浓度，这有助于降低土壤温度并提高湿度，同时土壤呼吸并未随之增加。因此，在由此产生的综合种植系统覆盖生物量中生长的大豆表现出更高的净光合速率和增加的叶片叶绿素指数，植株更高，地上生物量产量更高，与在玉米生物量上种植的大豆以及在无覆盖残体的土壤上种植的大豆相比，籽粒产量分别提高了21.0%和36.8%。本研究提供的数据表明，存在禾本科植物和豆科植物的综合种植系统改善了土壤气候条件和养分有效性，增强了大豆的生理和生产力特性，从而有助于农业生产的可持续性，即使在短期内也是如此。强烈建议进一步开展长期研究。
