Gattoni Marina Francesca, Gobbo Silvia, Feroldi Sarah, Salvatore Anna, Navarro Jorge, Sorbi Sandro, Saibene Francesca Lea
IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy.
Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
Brain Sci. 2025 Jan 11;15(1):61. doi: 10.3390/brainsci15010061.
: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterised by cardinal motor features and a multitude of non-motor manifestations. Among them, cognitive impairment in PD has been recognised as a defined clinical entity, and it might lead to an increased risk of developing dementia. Consequently, the present review aimed to ascertain the available interventions for the training of cognitive abilities in persons with PD (PwPD). : PRISMA guidelines were followed to select studies in the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers conducted the different phases of the review, and a third expert was called in to address any doubts/conflicts. Randomised controlled trials and randomised clinical trials concerning cognitive training with cognitive outcomes in PwPD were selected. : A total of 28 articles were included. The considered studies applied various experimental interventions for the training of cognitive functions in PwPD: computer-based platforms, exergames, paper-and-pencil programmes, dual-task or treadmill training with action observation therapy, motor imagery, and virtual reality components, interventions targeting precise cognitive domain, tele-rehabilitation, transcranial direct current stimulation, structured cognitive training, and multimodal treatments. Cognitive functions were assessed employing neuropsychological tests, self-report questionnaires, and computerised batteries. : Overall, the review reported better performances in the experimental groups compared to the control groups, in several cognitive domains. Structured cognitive training emerged as the most effective strategy to enhance cognitive functioning in PwPD. However, further studies are necessary to determine the most appropriate and useful training and to develop interventions that also consider patients' quality of life.
帕金森病（PD）是一种神经退行性疾病，其特征为主要运动症状和多种非运动表现。其中，PD患者的认知障碍已被确认为一种明确的临床实体，并且可能导致患痴呆症的风险增加。因此，本综述旨在确定针对帕金森病患者（PwPD）认知能力训练的现有干预措施。遵循PRISMA指南在以下数据库中筛选研究：PubMed、PsycINFO和Web of Science。两名独立评审员进行了综述的不同阶段，第三名专家被请来解决任何疑问/冲突。选择了关于PwPD认知训练及认知结果的随机对照试验和随机临床试验。
共纳入28篇文章。所考虑的研究对PwPD的认知功能训练采用了各种实验性干预措施：基于计算机的平台、运动游戏、纸笔程序、结合动作观察疗法的双任务或跑步机训练、运动想象和虚拟现实组件、针对特定认知领域的干预、远程康复、经颅直流电刺激、结构化认知训练和多模式治疗。采用神经心理学测试、自我报告问卷和计算机化测试组合对认知功能进行评估。
总体而言，该综述报告称，与对照组相比，实验组在几个认知领域表现更好。结构化认知训练是增强PwPD认知功能的最有效策略。然而，需要进一步研究以确定最合适和有用的训练方法，并开发同时考虑患者生活质量的干预措施。
