Li Shoujian, Liu Youyan, Liu Liu, Li Bing, Guo Shunxing
The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Dec 28;11(1):15. doi: 10.3390/jof11010015.
is a species whose sclerotia have been extensively employed in traditional Chinese medicine, which has diuretic, antitumor, anticancer, and immune system enhancement properties. However, prolonged asexual reproduction has resulted in significant homogenization and degeneration of seed sclerotia. In contrast, sexual reproduction has emerged as an effective strategy to address these challenges, with a distinct mating system serving as the foundation for the implementation of sexual breeding. This study presents the first sequencing and assembly of the genome of , thereby providing an opportunity to investigate the mating system at the genomic level. Based on the annotated mating-type loci within the genome, monokaryotic offspring exhibiting different mating-types were identified. Through the integration of traditional mating tests, the tetrapolar mating system of was distinctly elucidated. The resequencing of monokaryotic strains with four different mating-types, along with comparative analyses of mating-type loci, revealed the and (, homeodomain) genes determined the mating types, and the , , and (, pheromone receptor) genes determined the mating types. Meanwhile, this study offers a successful case study in the molecular investigation of mating systems. Additionally, the number of sterigma and basidiospores on each basidium was examined using scanning electron microscopy, while the nuclei of basidiospores and basidia at various developmental stages were analyzed through DAPI staining. This research clarifies the heterothallic life cycle of . The findings of this study are expected to facilitate advancements in genetic research, breeding development, strain improvement, and the industry of .
是一种其菌核在传统中药中被广泛应用的物种，具有利尿、抗肿瘤、抗癌和增强免疫系统的特性。然而，长期的无性繁殖导致种子菌核出现了显著的同质化和退化。相比之下，有性繁殖已成为应对这些挑战的有效策略，独特的交配系统是实施有性育种的基础。本研究首次对该物种的基因组进行了测序和组装，从而为在基因组水平上研究交配系统提供了机会。基于基因组中注释的交配型位点，鉴定出了表现出不同交配型的单核后代。通过整合传统交配试验，明确阐明了该物种的四极性交配系统。对四种不同交配型的单核菌株进行重测序，并对交配型位点进行比较分析，揭示了 和 （ ，同源结构域）基因决定交配 型，而 、 和 （ ，信息素受体）基因决定交配 型。同时，本研究为交配系统的分子研究提供了一个成功的案例。此外，使用扫描电子显微镜检查了每个担子上的小梗和担孢子的数量，而通过DAPI染色分析了不同发育阶段担孢子和担子的细胞核。本研究阐明了该物种的异宗配合生活史。预计本研究的结果将促进该物种在遗传研究、育种开发、菌株改良及相关产业方面的进展。
