Sun Fucheng, Williams Craig A, Sun Qiang, Hu Feng, Zhang Ting
Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
Front Physiol. 2024 Aug 9;15:1450341. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1450341. eCollection 2024.
This study aimed to assess and compare the effect of an 8-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) programme on body composition and cardiovascular metabolic outcomes of sedentary adolescents in China.
Eighteen sedentary normal-weight adolescents (age: 18.5 ± 0.3 years, 11 females) were randomized into three groups. HIIT group protocol consisted of three sessions/week for 8-week of "all out" sprints to reach 85%-95% of HR, and MICT group protocol undertook three sessions/week for 8-week of continuous running to reach 65%-75% of HR. The control group resumed normal daily activities without any intervention. Blood pressure and body composition were measured, and fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline and 48 h post-trial. Mixed-design ANOVA analysis was employed followed by t-tests and Bonferroni alpha-correction was used to evaluate interaction, between-group, and within-group differences, respectively.
Results indicated that HIIT and MICT similarly affected body fat mass ( = 0.021, ES = 0.19; = 0.016, ES = 0.30, respectively), body fat percentage ( = 0.037, ES = 0.17; = 0.041, ES = 0.28, respectively), visceral fat area ( = 0.001, ES = 0.35; = 0.003, ES = 0.49, respectively) of body composition. A positive outcome was observed for waist/hip ratio ( = 0.033, ES = 0.43) in HIIT, but not MICT ( = 0.163, ES = 0.33). No significant differences were found between groups for any clinical biomarkers. However, pairwise comparison within the group showed a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure ( = 0.018, ES = 0.84), diastolic blood pressure ( = 0.008, ES = 1.76), and triglyceride ( = 0.004, ES = 1.33) in HIIT, but no significant differences were found in the MICT and Control group.
Both 8-week HIIT and MICT programmes have similar positive effects on reducing body fat mass, fat percentage, and visceral fat area. However, sedentary adolescents may have limited scope to decrease insulin resistance after these 8-week interventions. Notably, the 8-week HIIT intervention was highly effective in increasing cardiometabolic health compared to the MICT. The exercise intensity threshold value and metabolic outcomes of high-intensity interval sprints should be explored further to extend the long-term benefit in this cohort.
本研究旨在评估和比较为期8周的高强度间歇训练（HIIT）或中等强度持续训练（MICT）计划对中国久坐不动的青少年身体成分和心血管代谢指标的影响。
18名久坐不动的正常体重青少年（年龄：18.5±0.3岁，11名女性）被随机分为三组。HIIT组方案包括每周进行三次训练，为期8周的“全力冲刺”，使心率达到85%-95%；MICT组方案为每周进行三次训练，为期8周的持续跑步，使心率达到65%-75%。对照组继续正常日常活动，不进行任何干预。测量血压和身体成分，并在基线和试验后48小时采集空腹血样。采用混合设计方差分析，随后进行t检验，并使用Bonferroniα校正分别评估交互作用、组间差异和组内差异。
结果表明，HIIT和MICT对身体成分的体脂量（分别为P=0.021，效应量ES=0.19；P=0.016，效应量ES=0.30）、体脂百分比（分别为P=0.037，效应量ES=0.17；P=0.041，效应量ES=0.28）、内脏脂肪面积（分别为P=0.001，效应量ES=0.35；P=0.003，效应量ES=0.49）有相似的影响。HIIT组的腰臀比有积极结果（P=0.033，效应量ES=0.43），而MICT组没有（P=0.163，效应量ES=0.33）。两组之间的任何临床生物标志物均无显著差异。然而，组内两两比较显示，HIIT组的收缩压（P=0.018，效应量ES=0.84）、舒张压（P=0.008，效应量ES=1.76）和甘油三酯（P=0.004，效应量ES=1.33）显著降低，而MICT组和对照组没有显著差异。
为期8周的HIIT和MICT计划对减少体脂量、体脂百分比和内脏脂肪面积均有相似的积极作用。然而，久坐不动的青少年在这8周干预后降低胰岛素抵抗的范围可能有限。值得注意的是，与MICT相比，为期8周的HIIT干预在改善心脏代谢健康方面非常有效。应进一步探索高强度间歇冲刺的运动强度阈值和代谢结果，以扩大该队列的长期益处。
