Numerical Simulations of Single-Step Holographic Interferometry for Split-Ring Metamaterial Fabrication.

Artificial microstructures, especially metamaterials, have garnered increasing attention in numerous applications due to their rich and distinctive properties. Starting from the principle of multi-beam interference, we have theoretically devised a beam configuration consisting of six symmetrically distributed coherent beams to generate two-dimensional microstructures with diverse shapes of unitcells under different polarization combinations. In particular, a split-ring metamaterial template is achieved with two adjacent circularly and four linearly polarized beams with such single-step holographic interferometry. Furthermore, simulation results show that the orientation and shape of the split-ring unitcell can be accurately adjusted by controlling the polarization position, polarization degree, or power ratio of the coherent beams. The optimal parameters to produce a high-quality split-ring metamaterial with a contrast higher than 0.97 are obtained. These results provide useful guidance for the effective and low-cost fabrication of metamaterials with diverse unitcells.