Teixeira Fabio Alves, Aicher Kathleen Moira, Duarte Ricardo
School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo-Brazil, São Paulo 05508270, Brazil.
Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA.
Vet Sci. 2024 Dec 28;12(1):5. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12010005.
Gallbladder mucocele, cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, and cholecystitis are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality in dogs. The exact etiology of these conditions remains poorly understood, though various factors, such as endocrinopathies, dyslipidemia, and impaired gallbladder motility, have been suggested as potential contributors. Surgical intervention has been described as the first choice of treatment when biliary rupture or obstruction is suspected; however, medical management may be an important part of therapeutic or preventative strategy. Reports of medical management typically involve the use of a choleretic used to stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum or substances that act as a "hepatoprotective" agent such as S-adenosylmethionine. In people, some nutrients appear to modify bile flow and are used as agents in the prevention and treatment of these conditions in the gallbladder. This paper provides a review of the literature about possible nutritional factors involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of canine gallbladder mucocele and cholelithiasis. Opportunities for the prevention and treatment of common biliary diseases in dogs may include the reduction of dietary fat, control of hyperlipidemia with omega-3 and fiber supplementation, ensuring an adequate supply of amino acids such as methionine and tryptophan, and the evaluation of vitamins such as vitamin D.
胆囊黏液囊肿、胆结石、胆总管结石和胆囊炎是导致犬类发病和死亡的重要因素。尽管诸如内分泌病、血脂异常和胆囊运动功能受损等多种因素被认为是可能的致病因素，但这些病症的确切病因仍知之甚少。当怀疑有胆管破裂或梗阻时，手术干预被描述为首选治疗方法；然而，药物治疗可能是治疗或预防策略的重要组成部分。药物治疗的报告通常涉及使用利胆剂来刺激胆汁流入十二指肠，或使用诸如S-腺苷甲硫氨酸等具有“肝脏保护”作用的物质。在人类中，一些营养素似乎可以调节胆汁流动，并被用作预防和治疗胆囊疾病的药物。本文综述了有关可能参与犬胆囊黏液囊肿和胆结石发病机制及治疗的营养因素的文献。预防和治疗犬常见胆道疾病的机会可能包括减少饮食中的脂肪、通过补充ω-3脂肪酸和纤维来控制高脂血症、确保充足供应蛋氨酸和色氨酸等氨基酸，以及评估维生素D等维生素。
