Mao Yan-Chiao, Liu Po-Yu, Lai Kuo-Lung, Luo Yi, Chen Kuang-Ting, Lai Chih-Sheng
Department of Medical Toxicology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Sect. 4, Taichung 407204, Taiwan.
PhD Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist., Taipei 110301, Taiwan.
Toxins (Basel). 2024 Dec 30;17(1):14. doi: 10.3390/toxins17010014.
Snakebite envenomings continue to represent a major public health concern in Taiwan because of the presence of various venomous snakes whose habitats intersect with human activities. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the clinical characteristics, complications, and management strategies associated with snakebite envenomings in Taiwan. Taiwan is inhabited by six principal venomous snakes: , , , , , and , each presenting distinct clinical challenges. The clinical manifestations vary from local symptoms such as pain, swelling, and necrosis to systemic complications including neurotoxicity, coagulopathy, and organ failure, depending on the species. Notable complications arising from these snakebite envenomings include necrotizing soft tissue infection, compartment syndrome, respiratory failure, and acute kidney injury, often necessitating intensive medical interventions. This review highlights the critical importance of early diagnosis, the prompt administration of antivenoms, and multidisciplinary care to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Future research is encouraged to enhance treatment efficacy, improve public awareness, and develop targeted prevention strategies. By identifying gaps in current knowledge and practice, this work contributes to the global literature on envenoming management and serves as a foundation for advancing clinical protocols and reducing snakebite-related morbidity and mortality in Taiwan.
由于台湾存在各种毒蛇，其栖息地与人类活动相交，蛇咬伤中毒仍然是台湾一个主要的公共卫生问题。本综述全面分析了台湾蛇咬伤中毒的临床特征、并发症及管理策略。台湾有六种主要毒蛇： 、 、 、 、 及 ，每种都带来独特的临床挑战。临床表现因蛇种而异，可以从局部症状如疼痛、肿胀和坏死到全身并发症，包括神经毒性、凝血病和器官衰竭。这些蛇咬伤中毒引起的显著并发症包括坏死性软组织感染、骨筋膜室综合征、呼吸衰竭和急性肾损伤，常常需要强化医疗干预。本综述强调了早期诊断、及时给予抗蛇毒血清和多学科护理对改善患者预后和降低医疗成本的至关重要性。鼓励未来开展研究以提高治疗效果、增强公众意识并制定有针对性的预防策略。通过识别当前知识和实践中的差距，本研究为全球蛇咬伤管理文献做出贡献，并为推进临床方案及降低台湾蛇咬伤相关的发病率和死亡率奠定基础。 （注：原文中部分毒蛇名称未给出具体内容）
