Teixido-Orries Irene, Molino Francisco, Castro-Criado Bianca, Jodkowska Monika, Medina Angel, Marín Sonia, Verheecke-Vaessen Carol
Applied Mycology Unit, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, AGROTECNIO-CERCA Centre, University of Lleida, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
Magan Centre of Applied Mycology, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
Toxins (Basel). 2025 Jan 11;17(1):34. doi: 10.3390/toxins17010034.
Oats are susceptible to contamination by mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and T-2/HT-2 toxins, posing food safety risks. This study analyses the variation in levels of 14 mycotoxins in 200 individual oat kernels from two DON-contaminated batch samples (mean = 3498 µg/kg) using LC-MS/MS. The samples also contained deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), and ZEN. Contamination levels varied notably among individual kernels, with DON detected in 70% of them, followed by DON-3G (24.5%) and 3-ADON (20.5%). Importantly, 8% of kernels exceeded the EU legal limit for DON (1750 µg/kg), and some occasionally surpassed limits for ZEN and T-2/HT-2. Correlation analyses revealed strong associations between DON and its derivatives but weaker correlations with other toxins. Mycotoxin ratios varied widely, indicating that although they often co-occur, their concentrations differ between kernels. Contamination did not significantly impact kernel weight, though a slight trend toward lower weights in contaminated kernels was noted. Additionally, sampling statistics showed that as the percentage of selected kernels increased, the probability of batch sample rejection for DON contamination rose significantly. The study highlights the heterogeneity of mycotoxin contamination in oat batches, emphasising the importance of accurate detection and regulatory compliance to ensure safer oat-based products.
燕麦易受霉菌毒素污染，包括脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）和T-2/HT-2毒素，存在食品安全风险。本研究使用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）分析了来自两个受DON污染的批次样品（平均含量 = 3498 µg/kg）的200个燕麦籽粒中14种霉菌毒素含量的变化。这些样品还含有脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-葡萄糖苷（DON-3G）、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（3-ADON）、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（15-ADON）和ZEN。各个籽粒中的污染水平差异显著，70%的籽粒检测出DON，其次是DON-3G（24.5%）和3-ADON（20.5%）。重要的是，8%的籽粒超过了欧盟规定的DON法定限量（1750 µg/kg），有些偶尔还超过了ZEN和T-2/HT-2的限量。相关性分析表明，DON与其衍生物之间存在强关联，但与其他毒素的相关性较弱。霉菌毒素比例差异很大，这表明尽管它们经常同时出现，但不同籽粒中的浓度有所不同。污染对籽粒重量没有显著影响，不过注意到受污染籽粒有重量略低的趋势。此外，抽样统计表明，随着所选籽粒百分比的增加，批次样品因DON污染而被拒收的概率显著上升。该研究突出了燕麦批次中霉菌毒素污染的异质性，强调了准确检测和遵守法规对于确保更安全的燕麦产品的重要性。
