身体活动水平和总能量消耗与健康老年人的食物摄入量、食欲及身体成分有关吗？一项横断面研究。

Does physical activity level and total energy expenditure relate to food intake, appetite, and body composition in healthy older adults? A cross-sectional study.

作者信息

Dericioglu Dilara, Methven Lisa, Clegg Miriam E

机构信息

Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK.

Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6EU, UK.

出版信息

Eur J Nutr. 2025 Jan 24;64(2):71. doi: 10.1007/s00394-024-03571-z.

DOI:10.1007/s00394-024-03571-z

PMID:39853478

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11761991/

Abstract

PURPOSE

With ageing, older adults (≥ 65 years) may experience decreased appetite, contributing to declines in body weight and muscle mass, potentially affecting physical capabilities. Physical activity (PA) has been suggested as a potential strategy to enhance appetite in older adults, but evidence supporting this is insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between PA levels, total energy expenditure (TEE), body composition, energy intake (EI) and appetite in older adults.

METHODS

One hundred and eight healthy older adults (age 70 ± 4 years; BMI 24.3 ± 2.6 kg/m) were categorised into three groups (low, medium, high) based on accelerometer-measured PA level (AMPA) and TEE from 7-day PA diaries. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance. Energy and nutrient intakes were assessed using 3-day weighed food diaries. Appetite was assessed using the visual analogue scales at 30-min intervals throughout 1 day.

RESULTS

TEE was positively correlated with EI and % muscle mass (p < 0.05), with higher % muscle mass and TEE associated with higher EI. Energy and protein intake were significantly higher in the high TEE group than the low group (p = 0.03, p = 0.01; respectively). No significant differences in energy and macronutrient intake were observed across AMPA groups, and appetite components (hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective consumption) did not differ significantly in either the AMPA or TEE groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher TEE is associated with higher energy and protein intake, with body composition playing a crucial role. These findings highlight the importance of considering PA, TEE, and body composition in interventions aimed at improving EI in older adults.

CLINICAL TRAIL REGISTRATION

clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05067036. Registered 2 October 2021, https://classic.

CLINICALTRIALS

gov/ct2/show/NCT05067036.

摘要

目的

随着年龄增长，老年人（≥65岁）可能会出现食欲下降，导致体重和肌肉量减少，这可能会影响身体机能。体育活动（PA）被认为是增强老年人食欲的一种潜在策略，但支持这一观点的证据并不充分。本研究旨在调查老年人的PA水平、总能量消耗（TEE）、身体成分、能量摄入（EI）和食欲之间的关系。

方法

108名健康老年人（年龄70±4岁；体重指数24.3±2.6kg/m²）根据加速度计测量的PA水平（AMPA）和7天PA日记中的TEE分为三组（低、中、高）。使用生物电阻抗测量身体成分。使用3天称重食物日记评估能量和营养摄入。在一天中每隔30分钟使用视觉模拟量表评估食欲。

结果

TEE与EI和肌肉量百分比呈正相关（p<0.05），肌肉量百分比和TEE越高，EI越高。高TEE组的能量和蛋白质摄入量显著高于低TEE组（分别为p=0.03，p=0.01）。在AMPA组中，能量和常量营养素摄入量没有显著差异，并且在AMPA组或TEE组中，食欲成分（饥饿感、饱腹感、进食欲望、预期摄入量）也没有显著差异。