Nashtahosseini Zahra, Nejatollahi Masoumeh, Fazilat Ahmad, Zarif Fakoor Elahe, Emamvirdizadeh Alireza, Bahadori Kamran, Hadian Niloofar Sadat, Valilo Mohammad
Department of Biology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Research center for high school students, Education System Zanjan Province, Zanjan, Iran.
Biol Cell. 2025 Jan;117(1):e2400077. doi: 10.1111/boc.202400077.
Ferroptosis is a type of cell death that multiple mechanisms and pathways contribute to the positive and negative regulation of it. For example, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce ferroptosis. ferroptosis unlike apoptosis, it is not dependent on caspases, but is dependent on iron. Exosomes are membrane-bound vesicles with a size of about 30 to 150 nm, contain various cellular components, including DNA, RNA, microRNAs (miRNAs), lipids, and proteins, which are genetically similar to their cells of origin. Exosomes are found in all bodily fluids, including blood, saliva, and urine. Cells often release exosomes after their fusion with the cell membrane. They play an important role in immune regulation and cell-cell communication. miRNAs, which are noncoding RNAs with a length of about 18 to 24 nucleotides, are involved in regulating gene expression after transcription. Emerging data suggests that exosomal miRNAs are implicated in various pathophysiological mechanisms of cells, including metastasis, drug resistance, and cell death. In addition, functional studies have indicated that exosomal miRNAs can play a key role in the modulation of cell death by regulating ferroptosis. Therefore, in this review, given the importance of exosomal miRNAs in ferroptosis, we decided to elucidate the relationship between exosomal miRNAs and ferroptosis in various diseases.
铁死亡是一种细胞死亡类型，多种机制和途径参与其正负调控。例如，活性氧（ROS）水平升高会诱导铁死亡。与凋亡不同，铁死亡不依赖于半胱天冬酶，而是依赖于铁。外泌体是大小约为30至150纳米的膜结合囊泡，包含各种细胞成分，包括DNA、RNA、微小RNA（miRNA）、脂质和蛋白质，它们与其起源细胞在基因上相似。外泌体存在于所有体液中，包括血液、唾液和尿液。细胞通常在与细胞膜融合后释放外泌体。它们在免疫调节和细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。miRNA是长度约为18至24个核苷酸的非编码RNA，参与转录后基因表达的调控。新出现的数据表明，外泌体miRNA与细胞的各种病理生理机制有关，包括转移、耐药性和细胞死亡。此外，功能研究表明，外泌体miRNA可通过调节铁死亡在细胞死亡的调控中发挥关键作用。因此，在本综述中，鉴于外泌体miRNA在铁死亡中的重要性，我们决定阐明外泌体miRNA与各种疾病中铁死亡之间的关系。
