de Almeida Gerson Santos, Suter Luisa Camilo, Pinto Thais Silva, Carra Maria Gabriela Jacheto, da Silva Feltran Géorgia, de Moraes Julia Ferreira, Corrêa Diego Rafael Nespeque, Saeki Margarida Juri, Lisboa-Filho Paulo Noronha, Zambuzzi Willian Fernando
Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics Lab, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP: São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.
Materials and Electrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP: São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2025 Feb;113(2):e35531. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.35531.
Calcium phosphates, notably monetite, are valued biomaterials for bone applications owing to their osteogenic properties and rapid uptake by bone cells. This study investigates the enhancement of these properties through Cobalt doping, which is known to induce hypoxia and promote bone cell differentiation. Heat treatments at 700°C, 900°C, and 1050°C are applied to both monetite and Cobalt-doped monetite, facilitating the development of purer, more crystalline phases with varied particle sizes and optimized cellular responses. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization through XRD, FTIR, Raman, SEM/EDS, and ASAP analyses shows significant phase transformations into pyrophosphate, influencing the materials' structural and functional attributes. When utilized to condition a culture medium for MC3T3-E1 cells, these materials demonstrate non-cytotoxic behavior and provoke specific gene responses associated with the osteoblastic phenotype, angiogenesis, adhesion, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Significantly, non-heat-treated Cobalt-doped Monetite retains properties advantageous for clinical applications such as dental and orthopedic implants, where lower processing temperatures are crucial. This attribute, combined with the material's straightforward production, highlights its practicality and potential cost-effectiveness. Further research is essential to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of these materials in clinical settings. Our findings underscore the promising role of Cobalt-doped Monetite in advancing bone repair and regeneration, setting the stage for future innovations in treating bone lesions, enhancing implant integration, and developing advanced prosthetic coatings within the field of tissue engineering.
磷酸钙，尤其是一水磷酸钙，因其成骨特性和能被骨细胞快速吸收，是用于骨应用的有价值的生物材料。本研究调查了通过钴掺杂来增强这些特性，已知钴掺杂会诱导缺氧并促进骨细胞分化。对一水磷酸钙和钴掺杂的一水磷酸钙均进行700°C、900°C和1050°C的热处理，以促进形成更纯净、结晶度更高的相，这些相具有不同的粒径并优化了细胞反应。通过XRD、FTIR、拉曼、SEM/EDS和ASAP分析进行的全面物理化学表征表明，材料发生了显著的相转变为焦磷酸盐，影响了材料的结构和功能属性。当用于调节MC3T3-E1细胞的培养基时，这些材料表现出无细胞毒性行为，并引发与成骨细胞表型、血管生成、粘附和细胞外基质重塑相关的特定基因反应。值得注意的是，未经热处理的钴掺杂一水磷酸钙保留了对临床应用（如牙科和骨科植入物）有利的特性，在这些应用中较低的加工温度至关重要。这一特性，再加上该材料生产简单，突出了其实用性和潜在的成本效益。进一步的研究对于评估这些材料在临床环境中的长期安全性和有效性至关重要。我们的研究结果强调了钴掺杂一水磷酸钙在推进骨修复和再生方面的有前景的作用，为未来在治疗骨损伤、增强植入物整合以及在组织工程领域开发先进的假体涂层方面的创新奠定了基础。
