Magdaleno-Magniales U, Salas-Espinoza E A, Saldaña-Villanueva K, Núñez-Mojica G, García-Díaz J M, Gaspar-Ramírez O
Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Energía, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Saltillo (Cinvestav), Mexico.
Laboratorio de Investigación y Servicios Analíticos Noreste, Centro de Investigación, Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. subsede Noreste (CIATEJ Norestey), Mexico.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2025;60(3):103-110. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2025.2457262. Epub 2025 Jan 24.
Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) have been identified as substances with severe adverse effects, including carcinogenicity, endocrine disruption, and reproductive toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Hopelchén to provide evidence for policy recommendations on pesticide regulation. A total of 25 samples were collected and analyzed using the QuEChERS method with GC-MS/MS and LC-MS techniques. Of the 156 pesticides screened, 25 were detected, with tebuconazole, chlorantraniliprole, imidacloprid and carbendazim among the most frequent. Approximately 20% of the pesticides identified qualified as HHPs based on WHO/FAO criteria, while 60% were categorized as HHPs according to the more comprehensive criteria outlined by Pesticide Action Network International. Many of these pesticides exhibited toxicity to bees and high environmental persistence. Furthermore, 33% of the samples exceeded the European Union's Maximum Residue Limits, particularly for pesticides in papayas and bell peppers. Our findings show the presence of HHPs in the region, which represent critical hazards to ecosystem, pollinator populations, and public health. This work may contribute to the development of specific HHPs classification criteria for Mexico, thus advancing the transition toward safer, with special emphasis on vulnerable regions such as the Mayan zone in southeastern Mexico.
高危害农药（HHPs）已被确认为具有严重不良影响的物质，包括致癌性、内分泌干扰和生殖毒性。本研究的目的是评估霍普埃尔琴地区水果和蔬菜中的农药残留，为农药监管政策建议提供依据。共采集了25个样本，并采用气相色谱-串联质谱法（GC-MS/MS）和液相色谱-质谱法（LC-MS）的QuEChERS方法进行分析。在筛查的156种农药中，检测到25种，其中戊唑醇、氯虫苯甲酰胺、吡虫啉和多菌灵最为常见。根据世界卫生组织/联合国粮食及农业组织的标准，约20%的已鉴定农药符合高危害农药的标准，而根据国际农药行动网络概述的更全面标准，60%的农药被归类为高危害农药。这些农药中的许多对蜜蜂具有毒性，且在环境中具有高持久性。此外，33%的样本超过了欧盟的最大残留限量，尤其是木瓜和甜椒中的农药。我们的研究结果表明该地区存在高危害农药，这对生态系统、传粉昆虫种群和公众健康构成了重大危害。这项工作可能有助于为墨西哥制定特定的高危害农药分类标准，从而推动向更安全的方向转变，特别强调墨西哥东南部玛雅地区等脆弱地区。
